The Comprehensive Treatment of the Aging Spine

Section 1: Introdcution to the Aging Spine

1. Embryology of the Spine

2. Applied Anatomy of the Normal and Aging Spine

3. Histological Changes in the Aging Spine

4. Natural History of the Degenerative Cascade

5. History and Physical Examination of the Aging Spine

6. The Role of Nutrition, Weight, and Exercise on the Aging Spine

7. The Psychology of the Aging Spine, Treatment Options, and Ayurveda as a Novel Approach

Section 2: Basic Science of the Aging Spine

8. Biomechanics of the Senescent Spine

9. Non-Invasive Strength Analysis of the Spine Using Clinical CT Scans

10. Kinematics of the Aging Spine: A Review of Past Knowledge and Survery of Recent Developments, with a Focus on Patient-Management Implications for the Clinical Practitioner

11. Causes of Premature Aging of the Spine

12. Osteoporosis and the Aging Spine: Diagnosis and Treatment

13. Osteoarthritis and Inflammatory Arthritides of the Aging Spine

14. Spinal Stenosis without Spondylolisthesis

15. Spinal Stenosis with Spondylolisthesis

16. Imaging of the Aging Spine

Section 3: Conservative Treatment Modalities

17. Land Based Rehabilitation and the Aging Spine

18. Aquatic Physical Therapy

19. The Role of Spinal Injections in Treating the Aging Spine

20. Accupuncture in Treatment of Aging-Spine-Related Pain Conditions

21. Tai Chi, Qi Gong, and Other Complementary Alternative Therapies for Treatment of the Aging Spine and Chronic Pain

22. Oral Analgesics for Chronic Low Back Pain in Adults

23. Yoga and the Aging Spine

Section 4: Surgical Treatment Modalities: Cervical Spine

24. Cervical Stenosis: Radiculpathy - Review of Concepts, Surgical Techniques, and Outcomes

25. Cervical Stenosis: Myelopathy

26. Cervical Kyphosis

27. Surgical Treatment Modalities for Cervical Stenosis: Central Cord Syndrome and Other Spinal Cord Injuries in the Elderly

28. Occipital Cervical and Upper Cervical Spine Fractures

29. Subaxial Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine Fractures in the Elderly

30. Infections of the Cervical Spine

31. Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Cervical Spine

32. Tumors of the Cervical Spine

33. Role of Minimally Invasive Cervical Spine Surgery in the Aging Spine

Section 5: Osteoporotic Surgical Treatment Modalities: Thoracic Spine

34. Kyphoplast

35. Vertebroplasty

36. Vertebral Body Stenting

37. Structural Osteoplasty: The Treatment of Vertebral Body Compression Fractures Using the Osseofix Device

38. Kiva System in the Treatment of Vertebral Osteoporotic Compression Fractures

39. Directed Cement Flow Kyphoplasty for Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

40. Radiofrequency Kyphoplasty: A Novel Approach to Minimally Invasive Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures

41. Structural Kyphoplasty: The StaXx FX System

42. Crosstrees Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation

43. Biologic Treatment of Osteoporotic Compression Fractures: OptiMesh

44. Vessl - X

Part 6: Other Surgical Treatment Modalities: Thoracic Spine

45. Treatment of Thoracic Vertebral Fractures

46. Tumors of the Thoracic Spine

47. Infections of the Thoracic Spine

48. Thoracic Spinal Stenosis

49. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Spine Tumors

Part 7: Surgical Treatment Modalities: Lumbar Spipne

50. The Role of Spinal Fusion and the Aging Spine: Stenosis without Deformity

51. The Role of Spinal Fusion and the Aging Spine: Stenosis with Deformity

52. A Case Study Approach to the Role of Spinal Deformity Correction in the Aging Spine

53. Assessment and Avoiding Complications in the Scoliotic Elderly Patient

54. Interspinous Spacers for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Dynamic Spinal Stenosis and Low Back Pain

55. Lumbar Disc Arthroplasty: Indications and Contraindications

56. The Role of Dynamic Stabilization and the Aging Spine

57. Pedicle Screw Fixation in the Aging Spine

58. The Role for Biologics in the Aging Spine

59. Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgical (MISS) Techniques for the Decompression of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

60. Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Treatment

61. Lateral XLIF Fusion Techniques

62. Pelvic Fixation of the Aging Spine

63. Intradiscal Biologics: A Potential Minimally Invasive Cure for Symptomatic Degenerative Disc Disease?

Part 8: The Future of the Aging Spine

64. Endoscopic Surgical Pain Management in the Aging Spine

65. Dorsal Endoscopic Rhizotomy for Chronic Nondiscogenic Axial Low Back Pain

66. Economics of Spine Care

67. Micro- and Nanotechnology and the Aging Spine

68. Guided Lumbar Interbody Fusion

69. Laser and Ozone Spinal Decompression

70. The Biochemistry of Spinal Implants: Short- and Long-Term Considerations

Index