Diagnostic Imaging: Brain

Pathology-based Diagnoses

  Congenital Malformations

      1 Congenital Malformations Overview

    Hindbrain Herniations, Miscellaneous Malformations

      2 Chiari 1

      3 Chiari 2

      4 Chiari 3

      5 Callosal Dysgenesis

      6 Lipoma

    Hindbrain Malformations

      7 Dandy-Walker Continuum

      8 Rhombencephalosynapsis

      9 Unclassified Cerebellar Dysplasias

      10 Molar Tooth Malformations (Joubert)

    Disorders of Diverticulation/Cleavage

      11 Holoprosencephaly

      12 Holoprosencephaly Variants

      13 Syntelencephaly (Middle Interhemispheric Variant)

      14 Septooptic Dysplasia

    Malformations of Cortical Development

      15 Microcephaly

      16 Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

      17 Heterotopic Gray Matter

      18 Polymicrogyria

      19 Lissencephaly

      20 Schizencephaly

      21 Hemimegalencephaly

    Familial Tumor/Neurocutaneous Syndromes

      22 Neurofibromatosis Type 1

      23 Neurofibromatosis Type 2

      24 von Hippel-Lindau

      25 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

      26 Sturge-Weber Syndrome

      27 Meningioangiomatosis

      28 Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome

      29 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

      30 Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis

      31 Lhermitte-Duclos Disease

      32 Neurocutaneous Melanosis

      33 Aicardi Syndrome

      34 Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

  Trauma    

      35 Trauma Overview

    Primary Effects of CNS Trauma

      36 Scalp and Skull Injuries

      37 Missile and Penetrating Injury

      38 Epidural Hematoma, Classic

      39 Epidural Hematoma, Variant

      40 Acute Subdural Hematoma

      41 Subacute Subdural Hematoma

      42 Chronic Subdural Hematoma

      43 Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

      44 Cerebral Contusion

      45 Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

      46 Subcortical Injury

      47 Pneumocephalus

      48 Child Abuse

    Secondary Effects of CNS Trauma

      49 Intracranial Herniation Syndromes

      50 Post-Traumatic Brain Swelling

      51 Traumatic Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction

      52 Brain Death

      53 Second Impact Syndrome

      54 Traumatic Arterial Dissection

      55 Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula

      56 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

  Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms

      57 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage & Aneurysms Overview

    Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

      58 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

      59 Perimesencephalic Nonaneurysmal SAH

      60 Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

      61 Superficial Siderosis

    Aneurysms  

      62 Saccular Aneurysm

      63 Pseudoaneurysm

      64 Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia

      65 ASVD Fusiform Aneurysm

      66 Non-ASVD Fusiform Aneurysm

      67 Blood Blister-like Aneurysm

  Stroke    

      68 Stroke Overview

    Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

      69 Evolution of Intracranial Hemorrhage

      70 Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

      71 Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage

      72 Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage

      73 Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage

    Atherosclerosis and Carotid Stenosis

      74 Intracranial Atherosclerosis

      75 Extracranial Atherosclerosis

      76 Arteriolosclerosis

    Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy

      77 Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery

      78 Persistent Carotid Basilar Anastomoses

      79 Sickle Cell Disease, Brain

      80 Moyamoya

      81 Primary Arteritis of the CNS

      82 Miscellaneous Vasculitis

      83 Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

      84 Vasospasm

      85 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

      86 Cerebral Amyloid Disease

      87 CADASIL

      88 Bechet Disease

      89 Susac Syndrome

      90 Fibromuscular Dysplasia

    Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction

      91 Hydranencephaly

      92 White Matter Injury of Prematurity

      93 Term Hypoxic Ischemic Injury

      94 Adult Hypoxic Ischemic Injury

      95 Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction

      96 Childhood Stroke

      97 Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome

      98 Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Infarction

      99 Subacute Cerebral Infarction

      100 Chronic Cerebral Infarction

      101 Multiple Embolic Cerebral Infarctions

      102 Fat Emboli Cerebral Infarction

      103 Lacunar Infarction

      104 Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome

      105 Dural Sinus Thrombosis

      106 Cortical Venous Thrombosis

      107 Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

      108 Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations

  Vascular Malformations

      109 Vascular Malformations Overview

    CVMs with AV Shunting

      110 Arteriovenous Malformation

      111 Dural AV Fistula

      112 Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation

    CVMs without AV Shunting

      113 Developmental Venous Anomaly

      114 Sinus Pericranii

      115 Cavernous Malformation

      116 Capillary Telangiectasia

  Neoplasms  

      117 Neoplasms Overview

    Astrocytic Tumors, Infiltrating

      118 Low-Grade Diffuse Astrocytoma

      119 Anaplastic Astrocytoma

      120 Glioblastoma

      121 Gliosarcoma

      122 Gliomatosis Cerebri

    Astrocytic Tumors, Localized

      123 Pilocytic Astrocytoma

      124 Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma

      125 Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

      126 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma

    Oligodendroglial and Miscellaneous Tumors

      127 Oligodendroglioma

      128 Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

      129 Astroblastoma

      130 Chordoid Glioma of the Third Ventricle

      131 Angiocentric Glioma

    Ependymal Tumors

      132 Infratentorial Ependymoma

      133 Supratentorial Ependymoma

      134 Subependymoma

    Choroid Plexus Tumors

      135 Typical Choroid Plexus Papilloma

      136 Choroid Plexus Carcinoma

    Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors

      137 Ganglioglioma

      138 Desmoplastic Infantile Tumors

      139 DNET

      140 Central Neurocytoma

      141 Extraventricular Neurocytoma

      142 Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma

      143 Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor

      144 Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor

    Pineal Parenchymal Tumors

      145 Pineocytoma

      146 Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation

      147 Pineoblastoma

      148 Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region

    Embryonal and Neuroblastic Tumors

      149 Medulloblastoma

      150 Supratentorial PNET

      151 Atypical Teratoid-Rhabdoid Tumor

      152 Metastatic Neuroblastoma

    Tumors of Cranial/Peripheral Nerves

      153 Nonvestibular Schwannoma

      154 Neurofibroma

    Blood Vessel and Hemopoietic Tumors

      155 Hemangioblastoma

      156 Hemangiopericytoma

      157 Primary CNS Lymphoma

      158 Intravascular (Angiocentric) Lymphoma

      159 Leukemia

    Germ Cell Tumors

      160 Germinoma

      161 Teratoma

      162 Miscellaneous Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasms

    Metastatic Tumors and Remote Effects of Cancer

      163 Parenchymal Metastases

      164 Miscellaneous Intracranial Metastases

      165 Metastatic Intracranial Lymphoma

      166 Paraneoplastic Syndromes

  Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts

      167 Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts Overview

      168 Arachnoid Cyst

      169 Colloid Cyst

      170 Dermoid Cyst

      171 Epidermoid Cyst

      172 Neuroglial Cyst

      173 Periventricular Cyst

      174 Choroid Fissure Cyst

      175 Hippocampal Sulcus Remnant Cysts

      176 Enlarged Perivascular Spaces

      177 Pineal Cyst

      178 Choroid Plexus Cyst

      179 Ependymal Cyst

      180 Porencephalic Cyst

      181 Neurenteric Cyst

      182 Nonneoplastic Tumor-associated Cysts

  Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease

      183 CNS Infectious Disease Overview

    Congenital/Neonatal Infections

      184 TORCH Infections, Overview

      185 Congenital CMV

      186 Congenital HIV

      187 Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis

    Acquired Infections

      188 Group B Streptococcal Meningitis

      189 Citrobacter Meningitis

      190 Meningitis

      191 Abscess

      192 Ventriculitis

      193 Empyema

      194 Herpes Encephalitis

      195 Miscellaneous Encephalitis

      196 West Nile Virus Encephalitis

      197 HHV-6 Encephalitis

      198 Cerebellitis

      199 Rasmussen Encephalitis

      200 Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

      201 Tuberculosis

      202 Neurocysticercosis

      203 Hydatid Disease

      204 Amebic Disease

      205 Cerebral Malaria

      206 Miscellaneous Parasites

      207 Fungal Diseases

      208 Rickettsial Diseases

      209 Lyme Disease

      210 Acquired HIV Encephalitis

      211 Acquired Toxoplasmosis

      212 Acquired CMV

      213 Cryptococcosis

      214 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

      215 Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)

      216 HIV/AIDS, Miscellaneous Manifestations

    Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease

      217 Multiple Sclerosis

      218 Neuromyelitis Optica

      219 ADEM

      220 AHLE

      221 Clippers

  Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders

      222 Inherited Metabolic Disorders Overview

    Normal Variants  

      223 Hypomyelination

    Mitochondrial Disorders

      224 Leigh Syndrome

      225 MELAS

      226 Kearns-Sayre Syndrome

    Lysosomal Disorders

      227 Mucopolysaccharidoses

      228 Gangliosidosis (GM2)

      229 Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)

      230 Krabbe

      231 Fabry Disease

    Peroxisomal Disorders

      232 Zellweger Syndrome Spectrum

      233 X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy

      234 Other Peroxisomal Disorders

    Organic and Aminoacidopathies

      235 Maple Syrup Urine Disease

      236 Urea Cycle Disorders

      237 Glutaric Aciduria Type 1

      238 Canavan Disease

      239 Alexander Disease

      240 Miscellaneous Organic/Aminoacidopathies

    Miscellaneous  

      241 Megalencephaly with Leukoencephalopathy and Cysts (MLC)

      242 Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)

      243 PKAN

      244 Huntington Disease

      245 Wilson Disease

  Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders

      246 Acquired Toxic/Metabolic Disorders Overview

    Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases with CNS Manifestations

      247 Pediatric Hypoglycemia

      248 Adult Hypoglycemia

      249 Kernicterus

      250 Thyroid Disorders

      251 Parathyroid Disorders

      252 Fahr Disease

      253 Alcoholic Encephalopathy

      254 Hepatic Encephalopathy

      255 Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES

      256 Chronic Hypertensive Encephalopathy

      257 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

      258 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

      259 Drug Abuse

      260 Methanol Poisoning

      261 Cyanide Poisoning

      262 Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome

      263 Radiation and Chemotherapy

      264 Pseudoprogression

      265 Pseudoresponse

      266 Mesial Temporal Sclerosis

      267 Status Epilepticus

      268 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA)

    Dementias and Degenerative Disorders

      269 Normal Aging Brain

      270 Alzheimer Disease

      271 Vascular Dementia

      272 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

      273 Dementia with Lewy Bodies

      274 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

      275 Parkinson Disease

      276 Multiple System Atrophy

      277 Corticobasal Degeneration

      278 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

      279 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

      280 Wallerian Degeneration

      281 Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis

      282 Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration

Anatomy-based Diagnoses  

  Ventricles and Cisterns

      283 Ventricles and Cisterns Overview

    Normal Variants  

      284 Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP)

      285 Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI)

      286 Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces

    Hydrocephalus  

      287 Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus

      288 Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus

      289 Aqueductal Stenosis

      290 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

      291 CSF Shunts and Complications

  Sella and Pituitary  

      292 Sella and Pituitary Overview

    Congenital  

      293 Pituitary Anomalies

      294 Tuber Cinereum Hamartoma

      295 Rathke Cleft Cyst

    Neoplasms  

      296 Pituitary Microadenoma

      297 Pituitary Macroadenoma

      298 Pituitary Apoplexy

      299 Craniopharyngioma

      300 Pituicytoma

      301 Spindle Cell Oncocytoma

      302 Granular Cell Tumor

    Miscellaneous  

      303 Empty Sella

      304 Pituitary Hyperplasia

      305 Lymphocytic Hypophysitis

  CPA-IAC    

      306 CPA-IAC Overview

    Congenital  

      307 Lipoma, CPA-IAC

      308 Epidermoid Cyst, CPA-IAC

      309 Arachnoid Cyst, CPA-IAC

    Inflammatory  

      310 Bell Palsy

    Vascular  

      311 Trigeminal Neuralgia

      312 Hemifacial Spasm

    Neoplasms  

      313 Vestibular Schwannoma

      314 Meningioma, CPA-IAC

      315 Metastases, CPA-IAC

  Skull, Scalp, and Meninges

      316 Skull, Scalp, & Meninges Overview

    Congenital  

      317 Congenital Calvarial Defects

      318 Craniostenoses

      319 Cephalocele

      320 Atretic Cephalocele

    Trauma  

      321 Leptomeningeal Cyst (Growing Fracture)

      322 Intracranial Hypotension

    Nonneoplastic and Tumor-like Disorders

      323 Ig G4 Related Diseases

      324 Fibrous Dysplasia

      325 Paget Disease

      326 Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

      327 Thick Skull

      328 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Skull and Brain

      329 Neurosarcoid

      330 Miscellaneous Histiocytoses

      331 Sebaceous Cyst

    Neoplasms  

      332 Meningioma

      333 Atypical and Malignant Meningioma

      334 Miscellaneous Benign Mesenchymal Tumors

      335 Miscellaneous Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors

      336 Calvarial Hemangioma

      337 Dura/Venous Sinuses Hemangioma

      338 Myeloma

      339 Skull and Meningeal Metastases