Small Animal Surgical Emergencies

Contents

Contributors xii

Preface xvii

Acknowledgements xviii

About the Companion Website

Daisy’s Story xx

xix

1 Triage and Initial Stabilization of the Emergency Small Animal Surgical Patient 1

Dana Clarke

2 Operating Room Nursing Tips for Emergency Surgical Procedures 20

Cami Elliott, Michelle Capps, and Michael McCallum

Section I Gastrointestinal System 49

3 Emergency Stabilization of the Acute Abdomen Patient 51

Nyssa Levy and Matthew Beal

4 Esophageal Foreign Bodies 58

Ivan Doran

5 Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies 70

Amie Koenig and Mandy L. Wallace

6 Intussusception 81

Janet Kovak McClaran and Yekaterina Buriko

7 Rectal Prolapse 88

Jennifer L. Huck

8 Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus 93

Michael S. Tivers and Sophie Adamantos

9 Intestinal Volvulus 108

Elizabeth LaFond and Kristina Kiefer

10 Colonic Torsion 115

Chloe Wormser

11 Peritonitis 119

Adrienne Bentley and Anusha Balakrishnan Copyrighted Material

12 Surgical Intervention Post- Celiotomy 141

Michael B. Mison

13 Biliary Emergencies 146

Lori Ludwig and Sean Smarick

14 Hemoperitoneum 164

Cassie N. Lux, William T. N. Culp and Steven E. Epstein

15 True Abdominal Hernias 178

Daniel D. Smeak

16 Traumatic and Incisional Hernias 190

Todd Hamilton

17 Perineal Hernias 199

Karen M. Tobias

18 Pancreatic Abscessation 216

F. A. (Tony) Mann

19 Hepatic Emergencies 226

James A. Perry, Steven E. Epstein, and William T. N. Culp

20 Bleeding Gastrointestinal Ulcers 238

Yekaterina Buriko, David Holt, Laura Ateca, and Lesley King

21 Enteral Feeding Tubes 251

Aarti Kathrani

Section II Urinary System 263

22 Stabilization of the Uremic Patient 265

Kari Beer and Kenneth Drobatz

Section IIa Urinary System - Urinary Tract Trauma 277

23 Renal and Ureteral Injury 279

Dan Degner and Chloe Wormser

24 Approach to the Uroabdomen 285

Sara Colopy, Adam Townsend, and Dale Bjorling

25 Urethral Injury 297

Sara Colopy, Adam Townsend, and Dale Bjorling

Section IIb Urinary System – Urinary Obstruction 311

26 Ureteral Obstruction 313

Daniel Degner, Dana Clarke, and Chloe Wormser

27 Urethral Obstruction 331

Heidi Phillips and Sara Colopy

Section III Respiratory System 351

Section IIIa Respiratory System – Upper Airway Disease 353

28 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with an Upper Respiratory Obstruction 355

Meredith Maczuzak and Deborah C. Silverstein

29 Tracheostomy 364

Nathaniel Lam

30 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome 372

Mike Schlicksup

31 Laryngeal Paralysis 383

Georga T. Karbe

32 Laryngeal Trauma 391

Eric Monnet

33 Tracheal Collapse 395

William T. N. Culp and Matthew D. O’Donnell

Section IIIb Respiratory System – Pleural Space Disease 405

34 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Pleural Space Disease 407

Erica Reineke and Jen Savini

35 Diaphragmatic Hernia 417

MaryAnn Radlinsky

36 Pyothorax 425

Lori S. Waddell and David A. Puerto

37 Hemothorax 433

Chad W. Schmiedt and Benjamin M. Brainard

38 Pneumothorax 441

David A. Puerto and Lori S. Waddell

39 Lung Lobe Torsion 451

Jacob A. Rubin and Jaime Green

40 Surgical Approach to the Thoracic Cavity 459

David A. Puerto and Jacob A. Rubin

Section IIIc Respiratory System – Chest Wall Disease 467

41 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Chest Wall Disease 469

Nolan Chalifoux and Deborah Silverstein

42 Pectus Excavatum 475

Krista N. Adamovich- Rippe and William T. N. Culp

43 Flail Chest 483

Eric Monnet

Section IV Cardiovascular System 487

44 Pacemaker Therapy 489

Caryn Reynolds and Katrine Saile

45 Pericardial Effusion 501

Augusta Pelosi and Amy Koenigshof

46 Open- Chest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 514

Jasper Burke and Deborah Silverstein

Section V Reproductive System 525

47 Cesarean Section 527

Stephen D. Gilson

48 Pyometra 534

Jacqueline Davidson and Dorothy Black

49 Penile and Testicular Emergencies 541

Susan P. Gregory

50 Prostatic Abscessation 553

Richard A. S. White

51 Uterine and Vaginal Prolapse 565

Pieter Nelissen

Section VI Wound Management 573

52 Bite Wounds 575

David Holt and Vincent Thawley

53 Burn Injury 586

Caroline Garzotto and Dana Clarke

54 Penetrating Injury in the Dog and Cat 600

Steve J. Mehler

55 Necrotizing Fasciitis 613

Karol A. Mathews and Ameet Singh

56 Degloving and Shear Injuries 626

Bryden J. Stanley and Susan W. Volk

57 Skin Flaps and Grafts:: Managing Complications 645

Michael B. Mison

58 Incisional Infections 652

Brandy A. Burgess

Section VII Ocular Emergencies 659

59 Ocular Emergencies 661

Deborah C. Mandell and Rosalie M. Atkins

Section VIII Oral Surgical Emergencies 685

60 Oral Surgical Emergencies 687

Alexander M. Reiter

Section IX Orthopedic Emergencies 701

61 Approach to the Septic Joint 703

Samuel P. Franklin

62 Surgical Management of Open Fractures 715

Kimberly Agnello

63 Traumatic Joint Luxation and Reduction 725

Anna Massie and Po- Yen Chou

Index 739

ontributors

Acknowledgements

About the Companion Website

Preface

1 Triage and Initial Stabilization of the Emergency Small Animal Surgical Patient

2 Operating Room Nursing Tips for Emergency Surgical Procedures

Section I:: Gastrointestinal System

3 Emergency Stabilization of the Acute Abdomen Patient

4 Esophageal Foreign Bodies

5 Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies

6 Intussusception

7 Rectal Prolapse

8 Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus

9 Intestinal Volvulus

10 Colonic Torsion

11 Peritonitis

12 Surgical Intervention Post-Celiotomy

13 Biliary Emergencies

14 Hemoperitoneum

15 True Abdominal Hernias

16 Traumatic and Incisional Hernias

17 Perineal Hernias

18 Pancreatic Abscessation

19 Hepatic Emergencies

20 Bleeding Gastrointestinal Ulcers

21 Assisted Enteral Feeding Tubes

Section IIa:: Urinary System – Urinary Tract Trauma

22 Stabilization of the Uremic Patient

23 Renal and Ureteral Injury

24 Approach to the Uroabdomen

25 Urethral Injury

Section IIb:: Urinary System – Urinary Obstruction

26 Ureteral Obstruction

27 Urethral Obstruction

Section IIIa:: Respiratory System – Upper Airway Disease

28 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with an Upper Respiratory Obstruction

29 Tracheostomy

30 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

31 Laryngeal Paralysis

32 Laryngeal Trauma

33 Tracheal Collapse

Section IIIb:: Respiratory System – Pleural Space Disease

34 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Pleural Space Disease

35 Diaphragmatic Hernia

36 Pyothorax

37 Hemothorax

38 Pneumothorax

39 Lung Lobe Torsion

40 Surgical Approach to the Thoracic Cavity

Section IIIc:: Respiratory System – Chest Wall Disease

41 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Chest Wall Disease

42 Pectus Excavatum

43 Flail Chest

Section IV:: Cardiovascular System

44 Pacemaker Therapy

45 Pericardial Effusion

46 Open-Chest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Section V:: Reproductive System

47 Cesarean Section

48 Pyometra

49 Penile and Testicular Emergencies

50 Prostatic Abscessation

51 Uterine and Vaginal Prolapse

Section VI:: Wound Management

52 Bite Wounds

53 Burn Injury

54 Penetrating Injury in the Dog and Cat

55 Necrotizing Fasciitis

56 Degloving and Shear Injuries

57 Skin Flaps and Grafts:: Managing Complications

58 Incisional Infections

Section VII:: Ocular Emergencies

59 Ocular Emergencies

Section VIII:: Oral Surgical Emergencies

60 Oral Surgical Emergencies

Section IX:: Orthopedic Emergencies

61 Approach to the Septic Joint

62 Surgical Management of Open Fractures

63 Traumatic Joint Luxation and Reduction

Index