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Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals

9781119754794
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Description
PATHOGENESIS OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN ANIMALS

Comprehensive review of the major bacterial pathogens of animals, focusing on the current understanding of how they cause disease

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, Fifth Edition is a specialist reference that provides a comprehensive review of bacterial pathogens in animals and their complex interplay with disease processes, offering a complete understanding of how bacteria cause disease in animals. It covers the many recent advances in the field including the newest taxonomies. In this revised and long anticipated fifth edition, additional introductory chapters have been added to set the material in context, and more figures added to integrate and improve understanding and comprehension throughout the text. A companion website presents the figures from the book in PowerPoint and references.

This detailed reference includes novel approaches to controlling bacterial pathogens in the light of growing concerns about antimicrobial resistance, with more than 70 expert authors sharing their wisdom on the topic. While molecular pathogenesis is a major aspect in almost every chapter, the authors have been careful to place pathogens in their broader context.

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, Fifth Edition also contains information on::

  • Themes in bacterial pathogenesis, covering the basic elements of pathogenesis, concepts of virulence, host-pathogen interactions and communication, and pathogenesis in the post-genomic era
  • Evolution of bacterial pathogens, covering what they are and how they emerge, along with sources of genetic diversity, population structure, and genome plasticity
  • Understanding of pathogenesis through pathogenomics and bioinformatics, including how mutations generate pathogen diversity, and an overview of genome sequencing technologies
  • Subversion of the immune response by bacterial pathogens, covering subversion of both innate responses and adaptive immunity

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, Fifth Edition is an essential resource for graduate students in veterinary medicine and animal science, and for veterinary microbiologists, pathologists, infectious disease experts, and others interested in bacterial disease. It is the only book to cover this topic to this depth through the wealth of insight of dozens of qualified and practicing professionals.

Product Details
98374
9781119754794

Data sheet

Publication date
2022
Issue number
5
Cover
hard cover
Pages count
816
Dimensions (mm)
199.00 x 254.00
  • Preface xv

    List of Contributors xvii

    About the Companion Website xxv

    1 Themes in Bacterial Pathogenesis 1
    John F. Prescott

    Introduction 1

    The Basic Elements of Bacterial Pathogenesis 1

    Concepts of Bacterial Virulence are Being Refined 5

    Host–Pathogen Communications are Critical 9

    Pathogenesis in the Post-Genomic Era 11

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 13

    References 13

    2 Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens 15
    Patrick Boerlin

    What are Pathogens and How Do They Emerge? 15

    Bacterial Fitness and Virulence 17

    Sources of Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Genome Plasticity 18

    Pathogenicity Islands 20

    Bacteriophages and Their Role in Pathogen Evolution and Virulence 22

    Examples of Virulence Evolution 23

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 27

    References 28

    3 Understanding Pathogenesis Through Pathogenomics and Bioinformatics 32
    Gregorio Iraola and John D. Boyce

    Introduction 32

    How Mutations Generate Bacterial Diversity 34

    Genome Sequencing Technologies 36

    Genome Assembly 38

    Gene Prediction and Annotation 39

    Defining Prokaryotic Species from Genomes 41

    The Pangenome Concept, Reconstruction, and Comparative Analyses 41

    Phylogenomics and Genome-Wide Association Studies 42

    Functional Genomics for Understanding Host–Pathogen Interactions 44

    Reverse Vaccinology 48

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 51

    References 52

    4 Experimental Approaches to Understanding Pathogenesis 57
    Francesca L. Short and Janet I. MacInnes

    Introduction 57

    Testing Koch’s Postulates 57

    Virulence Factors and Main Steps in Pathogenesis 58

    Molecular Koch’s Postulates 60

    Refining Animal Usage 60

    Experimental Approaches for Virulence Factor Discovery and Validation 62

    Approaches for Virulence Factor Discovery 63

    Gene Disruption Approaches for Virulence Factor Discovery 71

    Bringing It All Together:: Validation and Further Characterization of Virulence Factors 73

    Two Stories of Virulence Factor Discovery and Characterization:: Pasteurella multocida Capsule, and Mycoplasma bovis Adhesins 74

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 75

    References 76

    5 Subversion of the Immune Response by Bacterial Pathogens 79
    Douglas C. Hodgins, Raveendra R. Kulkarni, and Patricia E. Shewen

    Introduction 79

    Subversion of Innate Responses 80

    Subversion of Adaptive Immunity 85

    Manipulation of Cell Fate 88

    Non-Coding RNA and Host-Pathogen Interactions 91

    Epigenetic and Genetic Modulation 92

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 94

    References 94

    6 Chinks in the Armor 99
    Allison C. Leonard, Celine Stoica, and Georgina Cox

    Introduction 99

    Virulence Factors:: Pathogenesis-Based Targets to Combat Bacterial Pathogens 99

    Targeting Bacterial Host Cell Adhesion and Biofilm Formation 100

    Quorum Sensing Inhibition 104

    Interfering with Two-Component Regulatory Systems 105

    Inhibiting Bacterial Motility 106

    Toxin Neutralization 107

    Inhibitors of Bacterial Secretion Systems 107

    Targeting Nutrient Acquisition:: Starving the Pathogen 110

    Antivirulence Phage Therapy 111

    Bacterial Drug Efflux Pumps as Pathogenesis-Based Antibacterial Targets 112

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 112

    References 113

    7 Escherichia coli 117
    John M. Fairbrother and Carlton L. Gyles

    Introduction 117

    Pathotypes of E. coli and Associated Disease and Pathological Changes in Animals 119

    Virulence Factors of Pathogenic E. coli 126

    Pathogenesis of Enterotoxigenic E. coli 141

    Pathogenesis of Enteropathogenic E. coli Disease 144

    Pathogenesis of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Disease 146

    Pathogenesis of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli Infections 149

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 156

    References 157

    8 Salmonella 162
    Paul A. Barrow, Michael A. Jones, Kate C. Mellor, and Nick R. Thomson

    Introduction 162

    Characteristics of the Organism 162

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 167

    Salmonella Infections in Different Major Farmed Animal Species 169

    Virulence Factors 174

    Pathogenesis 179

    Immunity to Infection and its Manipulation by Salmonella 186

    Antimicrobial Resistance 190

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 191

    References 192

    9 Yersinia 200
    Anne-Sophie Le Guern and Javier Pizarro-Cerdá

    Introduction 200

    Characteristics of the Organism 200

    Pathogenic Species 200

    Taxonomy 201

    Major Virulence Factors of the Highly Pathogenic Yersinia 203

    Yersinia pestis 205

    Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica 209

    Yersinia ruckeri 213

    Yersinia entomophaga 213

    Control of Yersinia Infections 214

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 214

    References 215

    10 Pasteurella 221
    Marina Harper, Thomas R. Smallman, and John D. Boyce

    Introduction 221

    Characteristics of the Organism 221

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 223

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 223

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 225

    Regulation of Virulence 233

    Pathogenesis 235

    Immunity 236

    Control 238

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 239

    References 239

    11 Mannheimia and Bibersteinia 244
    Jeff L. Caswell and Charles J. Czuprynski

    Introduction 244

    Characteristics of the Organism 244

    Pathogenic Species 245

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 245

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 247

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 249

    Regulation of Virulence 250

    Pathogenesis 251

    Immunity 254

    Control 254

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 255

    References 256

    12 Actinobacillus 262
    Janine T. Bossé, Adina R. Bujold, and Lu Li

    Introduction 262

    Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 262

    Actinobacillus lignieresii 277

    Actinobacillus equuli 278

    Actinobacillus suis 279

    Gaps in Knowledge and Future Directions 281

    References 283

    13 Other Pasteurellaceae:: Avibacterium, Bibersteinia, Gallibacterium, Glaesserella, and Histophilus 290
    Anders M. Bojesen, Virginia Aragon, and Pat J. Blackall

    Introduction 290

    Avibacterium 290

    Bibersteinia 292

    Gallibacterium 295

    Glaesserella parasuis 301

    Histophilus 309

    References 311

    14 Pseudomonas 318
    Erin L. Westman, Véronique L. Taylor, and Joseph S. Lam

    Introduction 318

    Characteristics of the Organism 318

    Pathogenic Species 319

    Sources of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 320

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 320

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 321

    Pathogenesis 328

    Immunity 330

    Control, Prevention, and Treatment 331

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 335

    References 337

    15 Moraxella 344
    John A. Angelos

    Introduction 344

    Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis 344

    Pathogenesis of Moraxella bovis Infection 346

    Immunity 352

    Control 354

    Gaps in Knowledge and Future Directions 354

    References 355

    16 Brucella 361
    Clayton C. Caswell, Angela Arenas-Gamboa, and Jeff T. Foster

    Introduction 361

    Characteristics of the Organism 361

    Pathogenic Species 362

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 362

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 363

    Virulence Factors 366

    Regulation of Virulence 368

    Pathogenomics 369

    Pathogenesis 370

    Immunity 370

    Control 371

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 371

    References 372

    17 Bordetella 376
    Colleen J. Sedney, Tracy L. Nicholson, and Eric T. Harvill

    Introduction 376

    Characteristics of the Organisms 376

    Pathogenic Species 377

    Source of Infection:: Ecology and Epidemiology 379

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 380

    Virulence Factors 380

    Regulation of Virulence 385

    Pathogenesis 385

    Immunity 385

    Control 387

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 389

    References 389

    18 Campylobacter 393
    Zuowei Wu, Orhan Sahin, and Qijing Zhang

    Introduction 393

    Diseases, Etiology, and Ecology 394

    Clinical Observations and Pathologic Changes 397

    Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors 398

    Pathogenomics and Evolution 402

    Immunity 405

    Control 406

    Gaps in Knowledge and Future Directions 407

    References 408

    19 Helicobacter 413
    Chloë De Witte, Helena Berlamont, and Freddy Haesebrouck

    Introduction 413

    Gastric Helicobacters 413

    Enterohepatic Helicobacters 425

    Gaps in Knowledge and Future Directions 426

    References 427

    20 Chlamydia and Coxiella 433
    Martina Jelocnik, Wilhelmina M. Huston, and Hayley J. Newton

    Introduction 433

    Chlamydiae 433

    Characteristics of the Organism 433

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology 436

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 436

    Pathogenesis 442

    Immunity and Control 442

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 443

    Coxiella burnetii 443

    Characteristics of the Organism 444

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology 445

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 445

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 447

    Immunity and Control 448

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 449

    References 449

    21 Rickettsiales 456
    Jere W. McBride, Roman R. Ganta, and David H. Walker

    Introduction 456

    Family Anaplasmataceae 457

    Anaplasma Species 457

    Ehrlichia Species 463

    Neorickettsia Species 474

    Family Rickettsiaceae 476

    Rickettsia Species 476

    References 480

    22 Lawsonia intracellularis 486
    Roberto M. C. Guedes, Fabio A. Vannucci, and Connie J. Gebhart

    Introduction 486

    Characteristics of the Organism 486

    Sources of Infection:: Ecology and Epidemiology 489

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 490

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 491

    Pathogenesis 492

    Immunity 496

    Control 497

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 497

    References 498

    23 Leptospira 502
    Cyrille Goarant, Ben Adler, and Alejandro de la Pena Moctezuma

    Introduction 502

    Characteristics of the Organism 502

    Leptospira Species 505

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 505

    Clinical Presentation and Signs 511

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 511

    Regulation of Virulence 514

    Pathogenesis 514

    Immunity 516

    Control 518

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 518

    References 519

    24 Brachyspira 528
    Joseph E. Rubin and Judith Rohde

    Introduction 528

    Characteristics of the Organism 528

    Pathogenic Species and Disease Associations 529

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 530

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 531

    Pathogenesis 531

    Immunity 537

    Control 538

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 538

    References 539

    25 Staphylococcus 543
    Amy C. Pickering, Andreas F. Haag, José R. Penades, and J. Ross Fitzgerald

    Introduction 543

    Characteristics of the Organism 543

    Pathogenic Species 544

    Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Cattle 546

    Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Poultry 551

    Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Rabbits 553

    Staphylococcus hyicus Infections in Pigs 554

    Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Infections in Dogs 556

    Gaps in Knowledge and Future Directions 559

    References 560

    26 Streptococcus 565
    John F. Timoney

    Introduction 565

    Characteristics of the Organism 565

    Pathogenic Species 565

    Streptococcus agalactiae 567

    Streptococcus dysgalactiae 569

    Streptococcus uberis 570

    Streptococcus equi 571

    Streptococcus zooepidemicus 577

    Streptococcus canis 579

    Streptococcus suis 580

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 583

    References 583

    27 Bacillus anthracis 588
    Joachim Frey

    Introduction 588

    Characteristics of the Organism:: Taxonomy and Phylogeny 588

    Source and Spread of the Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 591

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 592

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 594

    Regulation of Virulence 595

    Pathogenesis 596

    Immunity and Vaccines 598

    Control and Prevention of Anthrax 598

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 600

    References 601

    28 Enteric Clostridia 607
    Evelien Dierick, Evy Goossens, John F. Prescott, Richard Ducatelle, and Filip Van Immerseel

    Introduction 607

    Clostridium perfringens 607

    Characteristics of the Organism 607

    Pathogenic Types 608

    Sources of Infections:: Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology 608

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 611

    Virulence Factors 616

    Regulation of Virulence 622

    The Pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens Enteric Disease 622

    Control 625

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 625

    Clostridioides difficile 626

    Characteristics of the Organism 626

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology 626

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 627

    Disease 627

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 627

    Regulation of Virulence 628

    Pathogenesis 629

    Immunity 630

    Control 630

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 630

    Other Enteric Clostridia 630

    References 631

    29 Histotoxic Clostridia 635
    Andrew N. Rycroft

    Introduction 635

    Characteristics of the Organisms 635

    Source of Infection and Basic Pathogenesis 636

    Pathogenic Species 636

    Clostridium septicum (Malignant Edema/Gas Gangrene) 638

    Clostridium chauvoei (Blackleg) 639

    Paeniclostridium sordellii 640

    Clostridium novyi Type B (Black Disease/Bighead) 642

    Clostridium haemolyticum 643

    Clostridium perfringens 644

    Control 645

    Gaps in Knowledge and Future Directions 645

    References 646

    30 Neurotoxic Clostridia 648
    Michel R. Popoff

    Introduction 648

    Characteristic of the Organisms 648

    Clostridium botulinum 648

    Clostridium tetani 650

    Sources of Infection:: Ecology and Epidemiology 652

    Diseases 656

    Botulism 656

    Tetanus 657

    Virulence Factors 658

    Pathogenesis 659

    Control 663

    References 664

    31 Mycoplasmas 667
    Pollob K. Shil, Nadeeka K. Wawegama, Glenn F. Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, and Marc

    S. Marenda

    Introduction 667

    Characteristics of the Organisms 667

    Pathogenic Species 668

    Source of Infection:: Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology 668

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 670

    Regulation of Virulence 674

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 674

    Pathogenesis 680

    Immunity 688

    Control 690

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 690

    References 691

    32 Corynebacterium, Arcanobacterium, and Trueperella 701
    Thiago D. Barral, Ricardo W. Portela, Núbia Seyffert, and Robert J. Moore

    Corynebacterium 701

    Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 701

    Bovine Pyelonephritis Caused by Corynebacterium Species 706

    Other Animal Pathogenic Corynebacterium Species 706

    Arcanobacterium 707

    Trueperella 709

    Gaps in Knowledge and Future Directions 710

    References 710

    33 Rhodococcus equi 715
    José A. Vázquez-Boland, Macarena G. Sanz, and John F. Prescott

    Introduction 715

    Characteristics of the Organism 715

    Source of Infection and Epidemiology 717

    Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes 720

    Virulence Factors 721

    Evolution of Rhodococcus equi Virulence 723

    Pathogenesis 724

    Immunity 726

    Treatment and Control 728

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 730

    References 731

    34 Mycobacterium 736
    Karren M. Plain, Karen Stevenson, Richard J. Whittington, and Nathalie Winter

    Introduction 736

    Characteristics of the Organism 736

    Sources of Infection 738

    Source of Infection:: Evolution and Epidemiology 739

    Virulence Factors and Pathogenomics 740

    Regulation of Virulence 742

    Types of Disease 743

    Pathogenesis 744

    Adaptive Immunity and Mycobacterial Pathogenesis 748

    Control 750

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Directions 750

    References 752

    35 Gram-Negative Anaerobes 757
    John F. Prescott

    Introduction 757

    General Bacterial Pathogenesis Aspects 757

    Fusobacterium 759

    Bacteroides 763

    Prevotella and Porphyromonas 764

    Dichelobacter nodosus 765

    Treponema 767

    Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Developments 768

    References 768

    Index 773

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