The Feline Patient

Contributors xiii

Preface xvi

Norsworthy’s Notes xvii

About the Companion Website xviii

Section 1: Diseaases and Conditions

1 Acetaminophen Toxicosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 3

2 Acne Jason B. Pieper 5

3 Acromegaly Sharon Fooshee Grace 7

4 Actinomycosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 9

5 Adenocarcinoma and Carcinoma John Metcalfe Thomason 12

6 Amyloidosis Andrew Sparkes 14

7 Anal Sac Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 16

8 Anaplasmosis (Ehrlichiosis) Sharon Fooshee Grace 18

9 Anemia Sharon Fooshee Grace 20

10 Anorexia Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 23

11 Aortic Stenosis Larry P. Tilley 25

12 Arrhythmias Michael S. Miller and Larry P. Tilley 27

13 Ascites Larry P. Tilley 30

14 Aspergillosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 32

15 Aspirin Toxicosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 35

16 Atopic Dermatitis Sarah O’Neill 37

17 Bartonellosis John Metcalfe Thomason 40

18 Basal Cell Tumors Bradley R. Schmidt 42

19 Biliary Cysts Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 44

20 Bite Wounds by Canines Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 47

21 Bite Wounds by Felines Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 49

22 Blastomycosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 52

23 Blindness Karen R. Brantman 55

24 Bordetella Infection Teija Kaarina Viita-aho 57

25 Brachial Plexus Neuropathy Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 59

26 Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome Ryan Butler, Mac Maxwell, and Gary D. Norsworthy 60

27 Bronchial Disease, Chronic Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 63

28 Calicivirus Infection Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 68

29 Carcinomatosis Bradley R. Schmidt 71

30 Cataracts Charles H. Bonney 74

31 Ceruminous Gland Disease Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 77

32 Cervical Ventroflexion Elizabeth J. Colleran 80

33 Chlamydophila Infection Teija Kaarina Viita-aho 82

34 Chylothorax Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 85

35 Cobalamin Deficiency Jo¨rg M. Steiner 89

36 Coccidioidomycosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 91

37 Coccidiosis, Enteric Elizabeth J. Colleran 93

38 Constipation Obstipation Sharon Fooshee Grace 95

39 Corneal Ulcers Gwen H. Sila and Casey C. Robinson 97

40 Coughing Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 102

41 Cryptococcosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 104

42 Cryptosporidiosis Jennifer Lavallee 107

43 Cutaneous Markers of Systemic Disease Jason B. Pieper 109

44 Cuterebriasis Sharon Fooshee Grace 112

45 Cystitis, Idiopathic Tatiana Weissova and Gary D. Norsworthy 114

46 Cytauxzoonosis Jennifer Lavallee and Gary D. Norsworthy 120

47 Dermatophytosis SarahO’Neill 122

48 Diabetes Insipidus Andrew Sparkes 127

49 Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Complications Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 129

50 Diabetes Mellitus, Loose Control Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 131

51 Diabetes Mellitus, Tight Control and Remission Audrey K. Cook 133

52 Diabetes Mellitus, Traditional Control Audrey K. Cook 136

53 Diabetic Ketoacidosis Audrey K. Cook 139

54 Diaphragmatic Hernia Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 142

55 Diarrhea John Metcalfe Thomason 146

56 Digital Diseases Elizabeth Colleran 149

57 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Larry P. Tilley 152

58 Draining Tracts and Nodules Sarah O’Neill 158

59 Dysautonomia Karen Lovelace Tofte 164

60 Dyspnea Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 166

61 Dystocia Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 168

62 Dysuria, Pollakiuria, and Stranguria Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 171

63 Ear Mites Sharon Fooshee Grace 173

64 Envenomization:Arachnids Tatiana Weissova 175

65 Envenomization: Insects Tatiana Weissova 179

66 Envenomization: Snakes Tatiana Weissova 182

67 Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex Sarah O’Neill 186

68 Eosinophilic Keratoconjunctivitis Lindsey N. Pelych and Gwen H. Sila 190

69 Esophageal Disease Andrew Sparkes 193

70 Ethylene Glycol Toxicity Tatiana Weissova and Gary D. Norsworthy 198

71 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Jo¨rg M. Steiner 202

72 Eyelid Diseases and Surgery Lindsey N. Pelych and Gwen H. Sila 204

73 Feline Enteric Coronavirus Infection Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 208

74 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Sharon Fooshee Grace 210

75 Feline Infectious Peritonitis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 212

76 Feline Leukemia Virus Diseases Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa and Gary D. Norsworthy 215

77 Femoral Neck Osteopathy Justin Harper 220

78 Fever Jennifer Lavallee 223

79 Flea Allergy Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 225

80 Fleas Sharon Fooshee Grace 228

81 Flukes: Liver, Biliary, and Pancreatic Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 230

82 Food Reactions Jason B. Pieper 233

83 Giardiasis Jennifer Lavallee 235

84 Glaucoma Charles H. Bonney 237

85 Glomerulonephritis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 240

86 Granulosa-theca Cell Tumor Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa and Heloisa Justen Moreira de Souza 242

87 Heartworm Disease and Heartworm-associated Respiratory Disease Jane E. Brunt 244

88 Heinz Body Hemolytic Anemia and Methemoglobinemia Sharon Fooshee Grace 248

89 Helicobacter Infection Courtney North 250

90 Hemangiosarcoma Bradley R. Schmidt 252

91 Hemoplasmosis Sharon Fooshee Grace and Gary D. Norsworthy 255

92 Hepatic Lipidosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 258

93 Hepatitis, Inflammatory Sharon Fooshee Grace 262

94 Herpesvirus Infection Sharon Fooshee Grace 267

95 High-rise Syndrome Elizabeth Colleran 270

96 Histoplasmosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 272

97 Hookworms Jennifer Lavallee 276

98 Horner’s Syndrome Sharon Fooshee Grace 278

99 Hydronephrosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 280

100 Hyperadrenocorticism Karen Lovelace Tofte 283

101 Hyperaldosteronism, Primary (Conn’s Disease) Andrew Sparkes 286

102 Hypercalcemia Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 289

103 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Sharon Fooshee Grace 292

104 Hyperesthesia Syndrome Jennifer Lavallee 294

105 Hyperkalemia Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 296

106 Hyperparathyroidism Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 299

107 Hypertension, Systemic Beate Egner 303

108 Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy Beate Egner 308

109 Hyperthyroidism Jennifer Lavallee, James K. Olson, and Gary D. Norsworthy 311

110 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Larry P. Tilley 316

111 Hypoadrenocorticism Karen Lovelace Tofte 324

112 Hypoalbuminemia Sharon Fooshee Grace 326

113 Hypocalcemia Karen Lovelace Tofte 329

114 Hypokalemia Audrey K. Cook 332

115 Hypomagnesemia Miche`le Fradin-Ferme´ 334

116 Hypophosphatemia Stephanie Gandy Murphy 336

117 Icterus Sharon Fooshee Grace 338

118 Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 341

119 Ileus Anthony P. Carr 344

120 Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia Anthony P. Carr 347

121 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Courtney North 349

122 Inflammatory Polyps and Masses Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 352

123 Intraocular Tumors Karen R. Brantman 355

124 Ischemic Encephalopathy Sharon Fooshee Grace 358

125 Keratitis and Conjunctivitis Charles H. Bonney 360

126 Kidneys, Abnormal Size Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 365

127 Laryngeal Disease Andrew Sparkes 367

128 Leprosy Syndrome Sharon Fooshee Grace 371

129 Linear Foreign Bodies Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 374

130 Lumbosacral Disease and Spondylosis Deformans Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 377

131 Lung Parasites Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 379

132 Lymphoma Bradley R. Schmidt 381

133 Malassezia Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 384

134 Mammary Hyperplasia Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 385

135 Mammary Neoplasia Bradley R. Schmidt 387

136 Manx Syndrome Jennifer Lavallee 390

137 Mast Cell Tumors Bradley R. Schmidt 393

138 Megacolon Anthony P. Carr 396

139 Meningioma Sharon Fooshee Grace 401

140 Mesothelioma Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 403

141 Metaldehyde Toxicosis Tatiana Weissova 405

142 Miliary Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 407

143 Mitral Valve Dysplasia Larry P. Tilley 408

144 Mosquito Bite Hypersensitivity Jason B. Pieper 410

145 Murmurs Larry P. Tilley and Francis W.K. Smith, Jr. 412

146 Myasthenia Gravis Paula A. Schuerer and Sharon Fooshee Grace 414

147 Mycobacterial Diseases, Rapidly Growing Sharon Fooshee Grace 416

148 Myiasis Elizabeth Colleran 418

149 Nasal and Frontal Sinus Disease, Chronic Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 420

150 Nasopharyngeal Disease Arnold Plotnick 422

151 Neonatal Isoerythrolysis Sharon Fooshee Grace 424

152 Neurogenic Bladder Sharon Fooshee Grace 426

153 Nocardiosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 428

154 Obesity Christopher J. H. Simpson 430

155 Oral Neoplasia Bradley R. Schmidt 435

156 Organophosphate and Carbamate Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 438

157 Osteoarthritis and Degenerative Joint Disease Andrew Sparkes 440

158 Otitis Externa Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 443

159 Otitis Media and Interna Sharon Fooshee Grace 448

160 Ovarian Remnant Syndrome Erin O’Docharty Dresner 451

161 Palatine Arterial Bleeding Richard Malik 453

162 Pancreatitis, Acute Jo¨rg M. Steiner 457

163 Pancreatitis, Chronic Jo¨rg M. Steiner 460

164 Panleukopenia (Feline Parvovirus Infection) Sharon Fooshee Grace 462

165 Panniculitis and Steatitis Anthony P. Carr 465

166 Paraneoplastic Syndromes John Metcalfe Thomason 467

167 Patent Ductus Arteriosus Larry P. Tilley 469

168 Pectus Excavatum Sharon Fooshee Grace 472

169 Pemphigus Foliaceus Sarah O’Neill 474

170 Perinephric Pseudocysts Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 477

171 Peritonitis, Septic Sharon Fooshee Grace 481

172 Plague Sharon Fooshee Grace 485

173 Plant Toxicities Karen Lovelace Tofte 487

174 Pleural Effusion Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 497

175 Pneumothorax Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 500

176 Pododermatitis, Plasmacytic Melanie J. Dobromylskyj, Richard Malik, and Gary D. Norsworthy 503

177 Polyarthritis, Immune-mediated Christopher J. H. Simpson 506

178 Polycystic Kidney Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 509

179 Polyuria and Polydipsia John Metcalfe Thomason 512

180 Portosystemic Shunts Jonathan A. Lidbury 514

181 Pregnancy, Parturition, and Lactation Teija Kaarina Viita-aho 517

182 Pulmonary Fibrosis Sharon Fooshee Grace 520

183 Pulmonic Stenosis Larry P. Tilley 522

184 Pyelonephritis Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 524

185 Pyometra and Mucometra Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 527

186 Pyothorax Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 530

187 Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 533

188 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in Somali and Abyssinian Cats Stella de Faria Valle 534

189 Rabies Elizabeth Colleran 536

190 Recreational Drug Toxicosis Tatiana Weissova 538

191 Rectal Disease Heloisa Justen Moreira de Souza and Katia Barao Corgozinho 542

192 Refeeding Syndrome Karen Lovelace Tofte 545

193 Renal Disease, Chronic Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 548

194 Renal Failure, Acute Sharon Fooshee Grace 551

195 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Michael S. Miller and Larry P. Tilley 555

196 Retinal Disease Karen R. Brantman 558

197 Rodenticide Toxicosis Jennifer Lavallee 562

198 Roundworms Jennifer Lavallee 564

199 Salmonellosis John Metcalfe Thomason 566

200 Sarcomas, Injection Site Sharon Fooshee Grace 568

201 Sarcoma, Other John Metcalfe Thomason 571

202 Scottish Fold Osteochondrodysplasia Sharon Fooshee Grace 574

203 Seizures Sharon Fooshee Grace 576

204 Skin Parasites Jason B. Pieper 580

205 Small Bowel Disease, Chronic Gary D. Norsworthy 585

206 Sporotrichosis Jennifer Lavallee 588

207 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Cutaneous Bradley R. Schmidt 590

208 Stomach Worms John Metcalfe Thomason 594

209 Stomatitis-Gingivitis Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 596

210 Stud Tail Jason B. Pieper 600

211 Tail-pull Injuries Sharon Fooshee Grace 601

212 Tapeworms Jennifer Lavallee 604

213 Temporomandibular Joint Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 606

214 Tetanus Sharon Fooshee Grace 610

215 Tetralogy of Fallot Larry P. Tilley and Michael S. Miller 613

216 Thiamine Deficiency Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 616

217 Third Eyelid Diseases Michael C. West and Gwen H. Sila 618

218 Thromboembolic Disease Larry P. Tilley 621

219 Thymoma Bradley R. Schmidt 625

220 Tooth Resorption Jan Bellows 628

221 Toxoplasmosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Sharon Fooshee Grace 632

222 Tracheal Disease Andrew Sparkes 635

223 Triad Disease Anthony P. Carr 639

224 Trichobezoars Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 642

225 Tritrichomoniasis Jennifer Lavallee 645

226 Ureteral Obstruction Rhett Marshall and Marcus Gunew 648

227 Urethral Obstruction Rhett Marshall and Marcus Gunew 654

228 Urinary Bladder Tumors Bradley R. Schmidt 659

229 Urolithiasis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 662

230 Uveitis Michael C. West and Gwen H. Sila 666

231 Ventricular Septal Defect Larry P. Tilley 670

232 Vestibular Syndrome Elaine Wexler-Mitchell 673

233 Viral Dermatitis Jason B. Pieper 675

234 Vitamin A Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 678

235 Vitamin D Toxicosis Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 680

236 Vomiting Jennifer Lavallee 682

237 Weight Loss Anthony P. Carr 685

238 Zoonotic Diseases Jennifer Lavallee 688

Section 2: Behavior

239 Aggression, Human Directed Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 699

240 Aggression, Intercat Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 703

241 Behavioral Pharmaceuticals Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 707

242 Environmental Enrichment in the Home Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 711

243 Environmental Enrichment in the Hospital Gary D. Norsworthy and Linda Schmeltzer 716

244 Housesoiling Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 719

245 Psychogenic Alopecia Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 724

246 Urine Marking Debra F. Horwitz and Amy L. Pike 728

Section 3: Surgery

247 Bulla Osteotomy, Ventral Approach Don R. Waldron 733

248 Colectomy Don R. Waldron 739

249 Corneal Surgery Michael C. West and Gwen H. Sila 744

250 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Ryan Butler and Mac Maxwell 747

251 Cryptorchidism Surgery Ryan Butler and Mac Maxwell 749

252 Dental Extraction Techniques Jan Bellows 752

253 Esophagostomy Tube Placement Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 756

254 Frontal Sinus Obliteration Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 760

255 Gastrostomy Tube Placement Don R. Waldron 761

256 Hypothermia, Surgical Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 764

257 Jejunostomy Tube Placement Don R. Waldron 766

258 Laparotomy for Chronic Small Bowel Disease Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 770

259 Laser Surgery, CO2 John C. Godbold, Jr. 772

260 Lip Avulsion Reattachment Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 775

261 Luxating Patella Otto I. Lanz 777

262 Mandibular Symphyseal Separation Don R. Waldron 780

263 Mastectomy Don R. Waldron 782

264 Maxillomandibular Fixation Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 785

265 Nasopharyngeal Mass Removal Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 787

266 Nephrolith Removal Don R. Waldron 790

267 Onychectomy Don R. Waldron 793

268 Oronasal Fistula Repair Heloisa Justen Moreira de Souza and Katia Barao Corgozinho 796

269 Pain Management Sabine Tacke 803

270 Perivulvar Skin Fold Removal Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 807

271 Ranula Gary D. Norsworthy 810

272 Rhinotomy Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 812

273 Skin Flaps, Local Ryan Butler and Mac Maxwell 815

274 Thoracostomy Tube Placement Don R. Waldron 819

275 Thyroidectomy Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 822

276 Total Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bulla Osteotomy Don R. Waldron 826

277 Urethrostomy, Perineal Don R. Waldron 830

278 Urethrostomy, Perineal: Repair Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 834

279 Urethrostomy, Prepubic Don R. Waldron 838

280 Uretrotomy Don R. Waldron 840

281 Urinary Bladder Marsupialization Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 842

Section 4: Cytology

282 Adenocarcinoma Amy C. Valenciano and Rick L. Cowell 847

283 Ascites Kathryn Jacocks 849

284 Atypical Bacterial Infections Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 851

285 Hepatic Lipidosis Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 853

286 Inflammation versus Neoplasia Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 855

287 Lymph Node Disease Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 863

288 Lymphoma Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 866

289 Mast Cell Tumors Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 868

290 Plasma Cell Inflammation and Neoplasia Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 870

291 Pleural Effusions Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 872

292 Sample Staining Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 876

293 Sarcoma Amy C. Valenciano, Kathryn Jacocks, and Rick L. Cowell 879

294 Systemic Fungal Diseases Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 881

295 Transtracheal Wash Hemosiderosis Kathryn Jacocks, Amy C. Valenciano, and Rick L. Cowell 884

Section 5: Clinical Procedures

296 Blood Gas Analysis Eduardo Raposo Monteiro and Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 889

297 Blood Transfusion Sharon Fooshee Grace 892

298 Bone Marrow Aspiration John Metcalfe Thomason 895

299 Cardiopulmonary Arrest Medora B. Pashmakova 898

300 Central Venous Catheter Placement Medora B. Pashmakova and James W. Barr 902

301 Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection (Atlanto-Occipital) Sharon Fooshee Grace 905

302 Endoscopic Applications Audrey K. Cook 907

303 Enteral Nutrition Anthony P. Carr 917

304 Euthanasia Elizabeth Colleran 920

305 Fine-needle Biopsy John Metcalfe Thomason 924

306 Fluid Therapy Sharon Fooshee Grace 926

307 Fluid Therapy for Shock Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa and Leandro Fadel 930

308 Jugular Blood Collection Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 933

309 Lymphoma, Chemotherapy Bradley R. Schmidt 935

310 Ophthalmic Examination Karen R. Brantman 940

311 Orogastric Tube Feeding Gary D. Norsworthy and Anne Romeo 943

312 Radioiodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism Jennifer Lavallee, James K. Olson, and Gary D. Norsworthy 945

313 Restraint Techniques and Devices Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 947

314 Testing Procedures Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 950

Section 6: Topics of Special Interest

315 Age Approximation Karen Lovelace Tofte 955

316 Aging Changes in Cats Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa 958

317 Body Surface Area Conversion Gary D. Norsworthy and Lisa M. Restine 961

318 Calcitriol in Feline Patients Joao Felipe de Brito Galvao and Dennis J. Chew 962

319 Catnip Effects in Cats Sharon Fooshee Grace 967

320 Echocardiographic Tables Larry P. Tilley and Francis W.K. Smith, Jr. 968

321 Electrocardiographic Tables Larry P. Tilley and Francis W.K. Smith, Jr. 970

322 End of Life Issues William Ray Folger 971

323 Genetic Diseases Jerold S. Bell 974

324 History of Feline-only Practice and Feline Medicine in the United States Gary D. Norsworthy 977

325 Normal Laboratory Values Gary D. Norsworthy, Lisa M. Restine, and Anne Romeo 991

326 Nutrition Debra L. Zoran 993

327 Palliative and Hospice Care Alice E. Villalobos 997

328 Polydactylism Sharon Fooshee Grace 1000

329 Pulse Wave Analysis Beate Egner 1002

330 Purring Sharon Fooshee Grace 1006

331 Vibrissae Sharon Fooshee Grace 1008

332 Drug Formulary Gary D. Norsworthy, Lisa M. Restine, and Anne Romeo 1010

Index 1049