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Vertigo

Vertigo

Five Physician Scientists and the Quest for a Cure

9780190600129
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Description
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most common cause of vertigo, affects one in five people at some point during their lifetime, triggering the sudden feeling like one is moving or spinning when perfectly still. Early pieces of this medical puzzle appeared in the early 19th century in studies of the inner ear, yet the cause and cure for BPPV was not clearly understood until the late 20th century and it took a few more decades before this simple cure was accepted. Vertigo:: Five Physician Scientists and the Quest for a Cure follows this centuries long trek. The book follows the key discoveries made by Prosper Meniere (1799-1862) who first recognized that vertigo could originate from the inner ear, Josef Breuer (1842-1925) who conducted groundbreaking research on the inner ear during his evenings at home after he spent his days working in a busy private medical practice, Robert Barany (1876-1936) who received the Nobel Prize for his early work on the innerear, Charles Hallpike (1900-1979) who showed that BPPV originates from the inner ear, and Harold Schuknecht (1917-1996) who provided key observations on the mechanism of BPPV. Dr. Robert W. Baloh spins together a fascinating history using detailed interviews from those close to the key investigators and historical documents previously unavailable in the English language to provide a historical approach to understanding the vestibular system and with it a better understanding of vertigo itself.
Product Details
OUP USA
87818
9780190600129
9780190600129

Data sheet

Publication date
2016
Issue number
1
Cover
hard cover
Pages count
256
Dimensions (mm)
156 x 235
Weight (g)
476
  • Preface; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1. Introduction; The Inner Ear; Dizziness, Vertigo and the Inner Ear; What is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?; So Who Discovered the Cure?; Section 1: Prosper Meni?re (1799-1862); Chapter 2. Meni?re recognizes that vertigo can originate from the inner ear; What was known about the inner ear in the mid 19th century?; First hint that the semicircular canals may be related to balance; Meni?re presents his findings in 1861; The first recorded case of Meni?res disease?; More evidence that vertigo can originate for the inner ear; Inconsistencies in Meni?res description of the young girl with vertigo; Treatments for vertigo in mid 19th century; Meni?re s comments trigger heated debate; Chapter 3. Meni?re, a man of many interests; Meni?res academic career; Meni?re balances academic, patient and family activities; Meni?res every day life; Meni?res role in French society; Section 2: Josef Breuer (1842-1925); Chapter 4. Breuer discovers how the balance portion of the inner ear works; Eye movements and the semicircular canals; The gravity sensing otolith organs; Evolutionary development of the inner ear; Mach and his psychophysical experiments; Breuer and Mach work together to defend their theory; Crum-Brown, the model maker; Who contributed most to our current understanding of the vestibular system?; Chapter 5. Breuer, the Renaissance man; Upbringing and formative years; Breuers medical training; Breuer chooses private practice over academic medicine; Breuer, the family doctor; Chapter 6. Breuers experiments on the semicircular canals and otolith organs; Studies on the semicircular canals; Ewalds laws; The Breuer-Von Cyon feud; Studies on the otolith organs; Overview of the inner ear sensory receptors; Chapter 7. Breuers contributions to psychiatry and philosophy; Freuds early work in neuroanatomy; Anna O. and the beginnings of psychoanalysis; Breuer and Freud and Studies in Hysteria; The friendship between Breuer and Freud dissolves; Breuers philosophical beliefs; The final years; Section 3: Robert Barany (1876-1936); Chapter 8. Politzers otology clinic and the discovery of the caloric test; Politzer maneuver; Teaching in Politzers clinic; Robert Barany joins Politzers clinic; Barany discovers the caloric test; Chapter 9. Baranys formative years and the conflict in Politzers clinic; Baranys medical training; Source of conflict in Politzers clinic; Accusations against Barany; Chapter 10. The war years and Baranys decision to leave Vienna; Barany receives the 1914 Nobel Prize in Medicine; Formal charges against Barany; Nobel committee response; Questions regarding Baranys caloric theory; Chapter 11. Barany s test battery and the first description of BPPV; Romberg test; Pastpointing test; Baranys syndrome; First description of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV); Chapter 12. Barany s life in Uppsala and his work with Lorente de No; The brain and the neuronal theory; Lorente de No and Barany in Spain; Lorente de No works on central vestibular pathways with Barany; Baranys final years; Section 4: Charles Hallpike (1900-1979); Chapter 13. Hallpike and the pathology of Meni?res disease; Toynebee and early efforts to study pathology of the inner ear; Wittmaack and his new technique for preparing temporal bones; World-wide interest in Wittmaacks technique; Hallpike and Cairns report on the pathology of Meni?re s syndrome; Possible causes of Meni?res syndrome; Yamakawa also describes the pathology of Meni?res syndrome; Chapter 14. Hallpikes formative years; The Indian connection; Early education and dealing with Legg-Perthes disease; Medical training; Personal life; Hallpike the inventor; Appointment at Queen Square; Hallpikes colleagues at Queen Square; War years; Queen Square neurotology clinic; Chapter 15. Hallpikes caloric test; Preparing the water; Hallpikes caloric chart; Meaning of a Directional Preponderance; Importance of tonic signals originating from the inner ears; Controversy regarding the affect of cortical lesions; Chapter 16. Hallpike defines the syndrome of BPPV; Clinical features of BPPV; Confusion regarding the direction of the positional nystagmus; Strong evidence for an inner ear origin; Pathology of BPPV; Final years; Section 5: Harold Schuknecht (1917-1996); Chapter 17. Schuknecht and his breakthrough on BPPV; John Lindsay and University of Chicago otology clinic; Schuknecht begins his residency at the University of Chicago; Schuknechts formative years; Schuknecht becomes interested in BPPV; Search for the cause of BPPV; Schuknecht suggests a new mechanism for BPPV; Chapter 18. Schuknechts temporal bone bank in Boston; More temporal bone specimens from patients with BPPV; The cupulolithiasis theory; Schuknecht was not the first to propose the cupulolithiasis theory; A key question-which way does the cupula deviate?; How to explain the stereotypical nystagmus; Problems with the cupulolithiais theory; Chapter 19. Schuknechts crusade against myths in otology; Surgical treatments of Meni?res disease; Viral neurolabyrinthitis; Questionable surgical procedures; The final years; Section 6: The pieces of the puzzle come together; Chapter 20. Semont and Epley maneuvers; Treatments based on the cupulolithiasis theory; Semonts maneuver; Cupulolithiasis vs. canalithiasis; Epley s maneuver; Visualization of the free floating otolith debri; Chapter 21. Evolution of treatment maneuvers for BPPV; Epleys maneuver; Semonts maneuver; Features shared by the maneuvers; Variations on the theme; Horizontal canal BPPV; Chapter 22. Summary and Future Directions; Difficulties facing early investigators; Unanswered questions; Can patients do the maneuvers on their own?; Glossary;
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