Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology

SECTION I Essential Renal Anatomy and Physiology

1 Renal Anatomy, 1

2 Renal Physiology, 14

SECTION II Investigation of Renal Disease

3 Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate, 29

4 Urinalysis, 39

5 Imaging, 53

6 Renal Biopsy, 72

SECTION III Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

7 Disorders of Extracellular Volume, 80

8 Disorders of Water Metabolism, 94

9 Disorders of Potassium Metabolism, 111

10 Disorders of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism, 124

11 Normal Acid-Base Balance, 142

12 Metabolic Acidosis, 149

13 Metabolic Alkalosis, 160

14 Respiratory Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis, and Mixed Disorders, 170

SECTION IV Glomerular Disease

15 Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Clinical Presentations, 184

16 Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Histologic Classification and Pathogenesis, 199

17 Minimal Change Disease, 209

18 Primary and Secondary (Non-Genetic) Causes of Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, 219

19 Inherited Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome, 232

20 Membranous Nephropathy, 240

21 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis, 254

22 Glomerulonephritis Associated With Complement Disorders, 263

23 Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura), 270

24 Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease and Goodpasture Disease, 281

25 Renal and Systemic Vasculitis, 290

26 Lupus Nephritis, 306

27 Renal Amyloidosis and Glomerular Diseases With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition, 320

28 Rare Glomerular Disorders, 333

29 Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Including Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, 343

SECTION V Diabetic Kidney Disease

30 Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Natural History of Diabetic Kidney Disease, 357

31 Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease, 376

32 Management of the Diabetic Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease, 385

SECTION VI Hypertension

33 Normal Blood Pressure Control and the Evaluation of Hypertension, 396

34 Primary Hypertension, 412

35 Nonpharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension, 422

36 Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension, 430

37 Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies, 444

38 Endocrine Causes of Hypertension: Aldosterone, 453

39 Other Endocrine Causes of Hypertension, 463

40 Neurogenic Hypertension, Including Hypertension Associated With Stroke or Spinal Cord Injury, 473

SECTION VII Renovascular Disease

41 Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic

Nephropathy, 482

SECTION VIII Pregnancy and Renal Disease

42 Renal Physiology and Complications in Normal Pregnancy, 502

43 Pregnancy With Preexisting Kidney Disease, 522

SECTION IX Hereditary and Congenital Diseases of the Kidney

44 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, 532

45 Other Cystic Kidney Diseases, 545

46 Alport Syndrome and Other Familial Glomerular Syndromes, 560

47 Inherited Disorders of Sodium and Water Handling, 575

48 Fanconi Syndrome and Other Proximal Tubule Disorders, 586

49 Sickle Cell Diseases and the Kidney, 597

50 Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, 607

SECTION X Infectious Diseases and the Kidney

51 Urinary Tract Infections in Adults, 626

52 Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract, 639

53 Fungal Infections of the Urinary Tract, 650

54 The Kidney in Schistosomiasis, 655

55 Glomerular Diseases Associated With Infection, 664

56 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Kidney, 679

SECTION XI Urologic Disorders

57 Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis, 689

58 Urinary Tract Obstruction, 704

59 Urologic Issues for the Nephrologist, 717

SECTION XII Tubulointerstitial and Vascular Diseases

60 Acute Interstitial Nephritis, 729

61 Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy, 738

62 Chronic Interstitial Nephritis, 748

63 Endemic Nephropathies, 761

64 Myeloma and the Kidney, 767

SECTION XIII Renal Disease and Cancer

65 Onconephrology: Kidney Disease in Cancer Patients, 776

SECTION XIV Acute Kidney Injury

66 Pathophysiology and Etiology of Acute Kidney Injury, 786

67 Acute Kidney Injury in the Tropics, 802

68 Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury, 810

69 Epidemiology and Prognostic Impact of Acute Kidney Injury, 820

70 Prevention and Nondialytic Management of Acute Kidney Injury, 825

71 Dialytic Management of Acute Kidney Injury and Intensive Care Unit Nephrology, 838

72 Dialytic Management of Refractory Heart Failure, 852

73 Hepatorenal Syndrome, 859

SECTION XV Drug Therapy in Kidney Disease

74 Principles of Drug Therapy, Dosing, and Prescribing in Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapy, 870

75 Common Issues in Prescribing in Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapy, 880

76 Herbal and Over-the-Counter Medicines and the Kidney, 894

SECTION XVI Chronic Kidney Disease and the Uremic Syndrome

77 Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis, 903

78 Pathophysiology of Disease Progression in Proteinuric and Nonproteinuric Kidney Disease, 913

79 Retarding Progression of Kidney Disease, 924

80 Clinical Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, 935

81 Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease, 942

82 Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease, 958

83 Other Blood and Immune Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease, 967

84 Bone and Mineral Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease, 979

85 Neurologic Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease, 996

86 Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease, 1002

87 Dermatologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease, 1013

88 Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease and Malignant Neoplasms, 1022

SECTION XVII Geriatric and Palliative Nephrology

89 Geriatric Nephrology, 1028

SECTION XVIII Dialytic Therapies

90 Approach to Renal Replacement Therapy, 1036

91 Vascular Access for Dialytic Therapies, 1050

92 Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology, 1062

93 Hemodialysis: Principles and Techniques, 1073

94 Hemodialysis: Dialysis Prescription and Adequacy, 1082

95 Acute Complications During Hemodialysis, 1090

96 Peritoneal Dialysis: Principles, Techniques, and Adequacy, 1103

97 Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis, 1114

98 Extracorporeal Therapies for Drug Overdose and Poisoning, 1124

99 Plasma Exchange, 1132

SECTION XIX Transplantation

100 Immunologic Principles in Kidney Transplantation, 1141

101 Immunosuppressive Medications in Kidney Transplantation, 1154

102 Evaluation and Preoperative Management of Kidney Transplant Recipient and Donor, 1163

103 Kidney Transplantation Surgery, 1174

104 Prophylaxis and Treatment of Kidney Transplant Rejection, 1186

105 Medical Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient: Infections and Malignancies, 1198

106 Medical Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient: Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic

Abnormalities, 1213

107 Chronic Allograft Injury, 1226

108 Recurrent Disease in Kidney Transplantation, 1236

109 Outcomes of Renal Transplantation, 1247

110 Pancreas and Islet Transplantation, 1258

111 Kidney Disease in Liver, Cardiac, Lung, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 1272

SECTION XX Palliative Nephrology

112 Palliative Nephrology, 1282

Index, 1289