ACP Manual of Critical Care

Section I. General Aspects of Critical Care

A. Commonly Performed ICU Procedures

Ch. 1Central Venous Catheterization, Ravi Sundaram and Gnanaraj Joseph

Ch. 2Right Heart Catheterization, Anthony Saleh

Ch. 3Pericardiocentesis & Temporary Cardiac Pacing, Bilal Malik and Suhail Allaqaband

Ch. 4. Bronchoscopy, Sandeep Mehrishi and Udaya Prakash

Ch. 5Use of Endoscopic Procedures in the Intensive Care Setting, Maurice A. Cerulli

Ch. 6Use of Ultrasonography in the Critical Care Unit, Paul Mayo

Ch. 7Chest Imaging, Sabiha Raoof

Ch. 8Administrative Aspects of Critical Care, Lauren Yedvab

B. Resuscitative Techniques

Ch. 9Fluid Resuscitation, Naveed Shahid and Sunil Mehra

Ch. 10The Use of Pressors to Support Circulation, Young H. Lee and Alan S. Multz

Ch. 11Administration of Blood and Blood Products, Judith A. Luce

Ch. 12Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Andre de Corla-Souza and Joan McInerney

C. Respiratory Support and Monitoring

Ch. 13Monitoring Mechanical Ventilatory Support, Douglas Haden and Neil Ross MacIntyre, Jr.

Ch. 14Securing the Airway, Karl Cribbin

Ch. 15Use of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy at Bedside, Arthur Sung, Ann L. Rutt, and David Feller-Kopman

Ch. 16Introduction to Mechanical Ventilation

Ch. 16, Pt. I Mechanical Ventilation, Frew Gebreab and Anthony Saleh

Ch. 16, Pt. IIVentilatory Management of Specific Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure, Robert M. Kacmarek

Ch. 17Importance of Positioning in the Critically Ill Patient, Richard K. Albert

D. Miscellaneous Issues Specific to the Critical Care Unit

Ch. 18Management of Anxiety, Agitation, and Depression, Kamil Jaghab

Ch. 19Use of Sedatives and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Ali Mojaverian and Michael R. Dubin

Ch. 20Pain Management, Akhtar Purvez

Ch. 21Prognostication Systems, Erfan Hussain and Mitchell C. Jacobs

Ch. 22Health Care Associated Infections, Maria Ninivaggi

Ch. 23Nutrition Assessment and Support, Lisa Musillo

Ch. 24Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit, Imran Aurangzeb and Steven Walerstein

Ch. 25Perioperative Care of the Critically Ill Patient, Kaleem M. Rizvon and Samia Qazi

Section II. Systemic Disorders

A. Cardiovascular Critical Care

Ch. 26Unstable Angina and Myocardial Infarction, Suhail Allaqaband and Tanvir Bajwa

Ch. 27Cardiogenic Shock, Suhail Allaqaband and Tanvir Bajwa

Ch. 28Heart Failure, Afshan Hameed, Suhail Allaqaband, and Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola

Ch. 29Recognition and Management of Common Arrhythmias, Vikram Nangia and Masood Akhtar

Ch. 30Acute Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion, and Cardiac Tamponade, Ramagopal J. Tumuluri and Suhail Allaqaband

Ch. 31Aortic Dissection, Ramagopal J. Tumuluri and Suhail Allaqaband

Ch. 32Hypertensive Emergencies, David B. Case

B. Pulmonary Critical Care

Ch. 33Acute Respiratory Failure, Nausherwan K. Burki

Ch. 34Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Liziamma George

Ch. 35Status Asthmaticus, Mani S. Kaavuru and Muzaffar Ahmad

Ch. 36Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations, Andreas c. Kyprianou and Alan M. Fein

Ch. 37Upper Airway Obstruction, Jose C. Yataco and Atul C. Mehta

Ch. 38Pneumonia, Michael S. Niederman

Ch. 39Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis, Mehdi Khosravi and Kenneth E. Wood

Ch. 40Pneumothorax, Andreas C. Kyprianou and Ashok M. Karnik

Ch. 41Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Arunabh Talwar

Ch. 42Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, Gerard T. Lombardo

C. Critical Care of Renal Diseases

Ch. 43Peritoneal Dialysis, Ultrafiltration, Hemofiltration, and Hemodialysis, George Coritsidis

Ch. 44Acute and Chronic Renal Failure, Lawrence E. Stam and Kotresha Neelakantappa

Ch. 45Electrolyte Disorders, Sandeep Mehrishi and Donald A. Feinfeld

Ch. 46Acid-Base Disorders, Ghulam Saydain and Donald A. Feinfeld

D. Critical Care of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Ch. 47Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hypoglycemia, Salini C. Kumar and Alice K. Lee

Ch. 48Thyroid Storm, Myxedema Coma, and Adrenal Crisis, James A. Kruse

E. Critical Care of Hematological and Oncological Diseases

Ch. 49Hemorrhagic Disorders, Bhoomi Mehrotra

Ch. 50Thrombotic Disorders, Michael Garrison

Ch. 51Oncologic Emergencies<, Linda Carmosino

Ch. 52Adverse Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents, Sarada Krishnamurthy and Alan Dosik

F. Critical Care of Infectious Diseases

Ch. 53Antimicrobial Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit, Stephan L. Kamholz

Ch. 54The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Septic Shock, Steven Y. Chang, Jonathan Edelson, and Alan M. Fein

Ch. 55Infective Endocarditis, Tabassum Yasmin and Getachew Feleke

Ch. 56Infections in HIV Patients and Other Immunocompromised Hosts (Excluding Pulmonary and CNS Infections), Neelam Patel and Muddasar Chaudry

Ch. 57Respiratory Failure in Patients with HIV Infection, Mangala Narasimhan and Mark J. Rosen

Ch. 58Infections of the Central Nervous System, Mohamed Bakry and Fernando Pujol

Ch. 59Other Serious Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Infections, William R. Berrington and W. Conrad Liles

G. Critical Care of Gastrointestinal Diseases

Ch. 60Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Bharat K. Misra

Ch. 61Acute Abdomen and Acute Pancreatitis, Hassan Borghei and Vincent Notar-Frrancesco

Ch. 62Acute Liver Failure, Mohammad Sultan Khuroo

H. Critical Care of Neurological Diseases

Ch. 63Seizures, Satish Kadakia and Bernard Berkowitz

Ch. 64Muscular Weakness, Joel S. Delfiner

Ch. 65Coma and Brain Death, Ayman Bishay and Imran Wahedna

Ch. 66Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Sophia R. Sharfstein

I. Critical Care of Rheumatological and Autoimmune Diseases

Ch. 67Autoimmune Diseases, Prachi Anand and Steven Carsons

Ch. 68Anaphylaxis, Marianne Frieri

J. Environmental Emergencies

Ch. 69Temperature-Related Illnesses, Sreenivasa R. Chanamolu, Venkata D. Bandi, and Kalpalatha K. Guntupalli

Ch. 70Burns, Roger L. Simpson

Ch. 71Near Drowning, Anup Banerjee and Praveen N. Mathur

Ch. 72Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Kent Smitherman and Janice L. Zimmerman

K. Critical Care of the Pregnant Patient

Ch. 73Critical Care of the Pregnant Patient, Kyle Hogarth and Jesse Hall

Appendixes

I. Part One: Commonly used Parameters and Formulae in Critical Care

I-1.Hemodynamic Variables
I-2.Pulmonary Formulae
I-3.Renal Formulae
I-4.Common Conversion Formulae
I-5.Estimated Osmolol Concentrations of Organic Solvents
I-6.Metabolism and Nutrition

I. Part Two: Commonly Used Laboratory Tests and Their Interpretation

I-7. Cardiac Enzymes
I-8. Nutritional Assessment Using Plasma Proteins
I-9. Patterns of Liver Function Test Abnormalities
I-10. Pancreatic Function Evaluation
I-11. Acute-Phase Reactants
I-12. Causes of Lactic Acidosis
I-13. Causes of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities in Acute Illness

II: Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Protocols

II-1. Management of Pulseless Arrest
II-2. Management of Tachycardia
II-3. Management of Bradycardia

III: Cardiovascular System

III-1.Management of Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
III-2a.Clues to Etiology (Ventricular vs. Supraventricular Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia (WCT)
III-2b. Distinguishing VT from SVT With Aberrancy
III-3. Medications Used For Treating Hypertensive Emergencies

IV:Shock States and Related Issues

IV-1.Sepsis, Septic Shock, and Multiorgan Dysfunction
IV-2.APACHE II Scoring System
IV-3. Management of Sepsis (Including Early Goal-Directed and Subsequent Therapy)
IV-4.Hemodynamic Parameters in Shock
IV-5a.Properties of Vasopressor Receptors in Regulating Hemodynamics
IV-5b. Doses and Effects of Medications Used for Hemodynamic Regulation
IV-6.Initial Management of Anaphylaxis for Patient Presenting with Urticaria, Pruritis, Stridor, Respiratory Distress, or Hypotension

V:Pulmonary System

V-1.Etiology of Respiratory Failure
V-2.Definition of Acute Lung Injury/ARDS
V-3.NIH NHLBI ARDS Clinical Network Mechanical Ventilation Protocol Summary
V-4.Mechanical Ventilation in COPD
V-5.Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for COPD Exacerbation
V-7.Patient Ventilator/Dyssynchrony
V-8.Weaning Guidelines
V-9.Oxygen Delivery Systems
V-10.Management of Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma
V-11a.Diagnostic Approach for Pulmonary Embolism
V-11b.Wells Pre-Test Probability for Pulmonary Embolism
V-11c.Management of Pulmonary Embolism
V-12.Management of Severe Pneumonia
V-13.Chest Roentgenographic Patterns in HIV-Infected Patients
V-14.Management of Pneumothorax
V-15.Management of Upper Airways Obstruction

VI:Central Nervous System

VI-1.Management of Acute Stroke (<3 hr)
VI-2.Glasgow Coma Scale
VI-3.Suggested Protocol for Convulsive Status Epilepticus

VII:Renal System

VII-1.Expected Compensation of Simple Acid Base Disorders
VII-2.Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Kidney Disease (RIFLE) Classification
VII-3.Management of Hypernatremia
VII-4.Management of Hyponatremia
VII-5.Composition of Intravenous Fluids Commonly Used in Critical Care Units

VIII:Endocrine System

VIII-1.Management of Adult Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic Coma

IX:Hematologic System

IX-1.Management of Thrombocytopenia
IX-2.Management of Elevated PTT/Normal PT
IX-3.Management of Elevated PT

X:Infectious Diseases

X-1.Empiric Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia
X-2.Management of Suspected Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection

XI:Gastrointestinal System

XI-1.Hepatic Encephalopathy Clinical Stages
XI-2.Child-Pugh Classification

XII:Miscellaneous

XII-1a.Initial Evaluation of Suspected Overdose/Poisoned Patient
XII-1b.Common Causes of Toxins/Poisons and Their Clinical Findings
XII-1c. Laboratory Derangements in Some Common Poisonings
XII-2. Management of Agitated Patient
XII-3. FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) Scale for Pain Assessment in Nonverbal Patients Who are Unable to Provides Reports of Pain
XII-4. Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS)
XII-5. Nutrition Support
Index