Urethral Function During a Womans Lifetime: Insights, Imaging, and Clinical Implications

Dynamic investigational studies and 2/3 D ultrasound imaging techniques have shed new light on the complex function of the female urethra. Epidemiological studies published robust data clarifying the prevalences and the impact of this embarrassing condition on the quality of life for affected women. Prevalence estimates in community-dwelling populations range from 25% to 45%. The estimated cost for incontinence management is 2 to 3% of the total health care budget in western countries. This book provides up-to-date insights in urethral functioning with clear, unique histologic images and summarizes risk factors during a woman’s lifetime. Objective urodynamic data on urethral function obtained during the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy and after childbirth, and after menopause are correlated with hormonal alterations and obstetrical factors. This comprehensive monography with relevant references provides present-day knowledge of physiologic and traumatic changes in urethral function, and is a welcome reference book for all professionals involved in care for women’s health.