Imaging in Abdominal Surgery

SECTION 1: COMMON SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

4 Imaging Anatomy and Overview

10 Abdominal Pain

16 Nausea and Vomiting

20 Diarrhea

24 Constipation

28 Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding

34 Jaundice

40 Abdominal Trauma

44 Abdominal Abscesses and Fistulas

46 Iatrogenic Injury: Feeding Tubes

48 Imaging of Bariatric Surgery

54 Imaging of Pregnant Patients

54 Postoperative and Postprocedure Bowel Imaging

SECTION 2: DISORDERS AFFECTING MULTIPLE ORGANS: IMAGING APPROACH

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

60 HIV/AIDS

64 IgG4-Related Disease

66 Vasculitis

68 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis and Esophagitis

69 Scleroderma and Related Disorders

70 Cystic Fibrosis

TRAUMA AND FOREIGN BODIES

72 Foreign Bodies

76 Barotrauma

NEOPLASMS

78 Leukemia and Lymphoma

80 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)

82 Neuroendocrine Tumors

SECTION 3: ABDOMINAL WALL, MESENTERY, AND PERITONEAL CAVITY: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

90 Abdominal Wall, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

94 Peritonitis

96 Ascites

98 Omental Infarction

99 Inguinal Hernia

100 Femoral Hernia

101 Ventral Hernia

102 Umbilical Hernia

103 Obturator Hernia

104 Spigelian Hernia

105 Lumbar Hernia

106 Paraduodenal Hernia

108 Transmesenteric Hernia

110 Bochdalek Hernia

111 Morgagni Hernia

112 Mesenteritis

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS

114 Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)

116 Desmoid

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

118 Peritoneal Metastases and Lymphoma

120 Abdominal Mesothelioma

121 Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

SECTION 4: ESOPHAGUS: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

124 Esophagus: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

128 Reflux Esophagitis

129 Barrett Esophagus

130 Caustic Esophagitis

131 Drug-Induced Esophagitis

132 Radiation Esophagitis

133 Esophageal Webs

134 Schatzki Ring

135 Cricopharyngeal Achalasia

136 Achalasia

138 Esophageal Motility Disturbances

140 Zenker Diverticulum

141 Pulsion Diverticulum

142 Traction Diverticulum

TRAUMA

143 Esophageal Perforation

144 Boerhaave Syndrome

TREATMENT RELATED

146 Esophagectomy: Ivor Lewis and Other Procedures

150 Fundoplication and Other Antireflux Procedures

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS

154 Intramural Mesenchymal Esophageal Tumors

155 Fibrovascular Polyp

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

156 Esophageal Carcinoma

157 Esophageal Metastases and Lymphoma

SECTION 5: STOMACH AND DUODENUM: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

160 Stomach and Duodenum: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis Michael P. Federle, MD,

FACR EMBRYOLOGY AND ANOMALIES

166 Gastric Diverticulum

167 Duodenal Diverticulum

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

168 Gastritis and Duodenitis

172 Duodenal Ulcer

173 Gastric Ulcer

174 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

175 Ménétrier Disease

176 Gastroparesis

177 Gastric Bezoar

178 Hiatal Hernia

180 Gastric Volvulus

TREATMENT RELATED

182 Partial Gastrectomy: Bilroth Procedures

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS

184 Gastric Polyps

186 Intramural Mesenchymal Gastric Tumors

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

188 Gastric Carcinoma

190 Gastric Metastases and Lymphoma

SECTION 6: SMALL INTESTINE: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

194 Small Intestine: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANOMALIES

198 Malrotation

199 Duplication Cyst

200 Meckel Diverticulum

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

202 Small Bowel Diverticula

203 Mesenteric Adenitis and Enteritis

204 Opportunistic Intestinal Infections

206 Gallstone Ileus

208 Celiac Sprue Disease

210 Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

212 Crohns Disease

216 Intestinal (Angioneurotic) Angioedema

217 Small Bowel NSAID Stricture

218 Pneumatosis of the Intestine

220 Bowel Ischemia

224 Intussusception

TREATMENT RELATED

226 Radiation Enteritis and Colitis

228 Small Intestine Transplantation

BENIGN NEOPLASMS

232 Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

234 Small Bowel Carcinoma

235 Intestinal Metastases and Lymphoma

SECTION 7: COLON: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

238 Colon: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

242 Infectious Colitis

246 Stercoral Colitis

246 Neutropenic Enterocolitis (Typhlitis)

248 Ulcerative Colitis

250 Toxic Megacolon

252 Ischemic Colitis

254 Appendicitis

256 Colonic Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis

258 Epiploic Appendagitis

260 Sigmoid Volvulus

261 Cecal Volvulus

262 Colonic Ileus and Ogilvie Syndrome

264 Colorectal Trauma

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS

266 Colonic Polyps

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

268 Colon Carcinoma

272 Rectal Carcinoma

274 Familial Polyposis and Gardner Syndrome

278 Appendiceal Tumors

279 Colonic Metastases and Lymphoma

SECTION 8: SPLEEN: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIGANOSIS

282 Spleen: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

286 Accessory Spleen

288 Asplenia and Polysplenia

292 Splenic Infection and Abscess

294 Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism

296 Splenic Infarction

300 Splenic Trauma

304 Splenosis

306 Splenic Cyst

308 Primary Splenic Tumors

312 Splenic Metastases and Lymphoma

SECTION 9: LIVER: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

316 Liver: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

EMRYOLOGY AND ANOMALIES

320 Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

321 Polycystic Liver Disease

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

322 Hepatic Pyogenic Abscess

324 Hepatic Mycobacterial and Fungal Infections

325 Hepatic Amebic Abscess

326 Hepatic Hydatid Cyst

327 Hepatic Schistosomiasis

328 Viral Hepatitis

329 Autoimmune Hepatitis

330 Alcoholic Liver Disease

332 Steatosis and Steatohepatitis

334 Hepatic Injury From Toxins

336 Cirrhosis

340 Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia

344 Regenerative and Dysplastic Nodules

VASCULAR DISORDERS

348 Arterioportal Shunt

349 Passive Hepatic Congestion

350 Portal Vein Occlusion

354 Budd-Chiari Syndrome

358 Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome

359 Peliosis Hepatis

360 Hepatic Infarction

362 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

TREATMENT RELATED

364 Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

366 Hepatic Transplantation

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS

376 Hepatic Cyst

378 Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma

380 Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

382 Hepatic Adenoma

390 Biliary Hamartomas

391 Hepatic Angiomyolipoma and Lipoma

392 Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

394 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

400 Peripheral (Intrahepatic) Cholangiocarcinoma

402 Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

404 Biliary Cystadenocarcinoma

406 Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

407 Hepatic Angiosarcoma

408 Hepatic Metastases and Lymphoma

SECTION 10: BILIARY SYSTEM: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

414 Biliary System: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANOMALIES

420 Congenital Abnormalities of the Gallbladder Siva P. Raman, MD

422 Caroli Disease

424 Choledochal Cyst

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

426 Ascending Cholangitis

428 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

430 Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis

432 Gallstones and Choledocholithiasis

436 Gallbladder Hydrops and Empyema

437 Emphysematous Cholecystitis

438 Acute Calculous Cholecystitis

440 Acalculous Cholecystitis

442 Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis

443 Mirizzi Syndrome

444 Hyperplastic Cholecystoses

445 Porcelain Gallbladder

TREATMENT RELATED

446 Chemotherapy-Induced Cholangitis

448 Postoperative Biliary Tract

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS

448 Gallbladder Polyps

449 Biliary Papillomatosis

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

450 Gallbladder Carcinoma

452 Cholangiocarcinoma

454 Ampullary Carcinoma

455 Biliary Metastases and Lymphoma

456 Biliary IPMN

SECTION 11: PANCREAS: IMAGING APPROACH AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

460 Pancreas: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANOMALIES

466 Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas Siva P. Raman, MD

467 Annular Pancreas

468 Pancreas Divisum

469 Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEGENERATIVE

470 Acute Pancreatitis and Complications

474 Chronic Pancreatitis

478 Groove Pancreatitis

480 Autoimmune (IgG4) Pancreatitis

TREATMENT RELATED

482 Postoperative Pancreas

484 Pancreatic Transplantation

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS

486 Nonneoplastic Pancreatic Cysts

488 Pancreatic Serous Cystadenoma

MALIGNANT PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS

490 Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma

494 Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm (Pancreas)

496 Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)

498 Pancreatic Solid and Pseudopapillary Epithelial Neoplasm

499 Pancreatic Metastases and Lymphoma

500 Atypical and Rare Pancreatic Tumors