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The Science of Psychology: An Appreciative View

The Science of Psychology: An Appreciative View

9780073532066
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Description
How would you like to see your students performance jump by a letter grade or more?

The Science of Psychology:: An Appreciative View 2e provides a flexible solution for the intro psych course. Kings appreciative perspective - treating psych as an integrated science that places function before dysfunction - with its groundbreaking adaptive diagnostic tool helps students know what they know while guiding them to master what they dont know.

Building upon the much-lauded and widely-adopted 1st edition, the 2nd edition of The Science of Psychology effectively provides a flexible solution for any Introductory Psychology course. Recognising that today's students are different from the last generation as is the discipline of psychology, The Science of Psychology draws on thousands of hours of research into faculty and student behavior to provide course material students will actively engage with while allowing instructors to maximize the time they spend preparing and teaching the course. How has your course changed in the past 5-10 years?

From its adaptive questioning diagnostic tool and personalized study plan that gets students reading and studying more frequently, effectively and efficiently to the readable and lively prose that ensures students leave the course with an accurate and timely understanding of psychology as a science, The Science of Psychology is the right choice for today's classes, whether they be traditional face-to-face, hybrid, or entirely online.

Regardless of their study habits, preparation, and approach to your course, each of your students will find that The Science of Psychology adapts to them individually and provides a road map for success. For your students that complete the assigned reading and study in measured doses, The Science of Psychology offers a narrative that presents psychology as a science that addresses function as well as dysfunction and where the various subfields are interconnected. Those students who tend to “cram” before exams and/or seek the path of least resistance to their desired grade will be given an accurate assessment of how much or little they actually know prior to high stakes testing, and as a result, will spend more time reading and learning the assigned material than otherwise. How would fewer drops, failures, and withdrawals impact your course?

Product Details
McGraw Hill / Medical
57131
9780073532066
9780073532066

Data sheet

Publication date
2010
Issue number
2
Cover
hard cover
Pages count
736
Dimensions (mm)
231 x 285
Weight (g)
1996

  • King, The Science of Psychology, Second EditionContents

    Preface

    Chapter 1 What Is Psychology?

    Defining Psychology

    The Psychological Frame of Mind

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Are Young Americans in the Middle of a Narcissism Epidemic?

    Psychology as the Science of All Human Behavior

    Psychology in Historical Perspective

    Wundt's Structuralism and James's Functionalism

    Darwin's Natural Selection

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Explore Evolution from Giraffes to Human Beings

    Contemporary Approaches to Psychology

    The Biological Approach

    The Behavioral Approach

    The Psychodynamic Approach

    The Humanistic Approach

    The Cognitive Approach

    The Evolutionary Approach

    The Sociocultural Approach

    Summing Up the Seven Contemporary Approaches

    What Psychologists Do

    Careers in Psychology

    Areas of Specialization

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Questions That Psychology Specialists Ask

    INTERSECTION Social Psychology and Cross-Cultural Psychology:: Is Success Always Sweeter Than Failure?

    The Science of Psychology and Health and Wellness

    How the Mind Impacts the Body

    How the Body Impacts the Mind

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 2 Psychology's Scientific Method

    Psychology's Scientific Method

    Step 1. Observing Some Phenomenon

    Step 2. Formulating Hypotheses and Predictions

    Step 3. Testing Through Empirical Research

    Step 4. Drawing Conclusions

    Step 5. Evaluating the Theory

    Types of Psychological Research

    Descriptive Research

    Correlational Research

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Miserable but Helpful?

    Experimental Research

    INTERSECTION Social Psychology and Developmental Psychology:: Is High Self-Esteem Such a Good Thing?

    Applications of the Three Types of Research

    Research Samples and Settings

    The Research Sample

    The Research Setting

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Experimentation in a Natural Setting

    Analyzing and Interpreting Data

    Descriptive Statistics

    Inferential Statistics

    Conducting Ethical Research

    Ethics Guidelines

    The Place of Values in Psychological Research

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Would Reality TV Pass the Institutional Review Board?

    Thinking Critically About Psychological Research

    Avoid Overgeneralizing Based on Little Information

    Distinguish Between Group Results and Individual Needs

    Look for Answers Beyond a Single Study

    Avoid Attributing Causes When None Have Been Found

    Consider the Source of Psychological Information

    The Scientific Method and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 3 Biological Foundations of Behavior

    The Nervous System

    Characteristics of the Nervous System

    Pathways in the Nervous System

    Divisions of the Nervous System

    Neurons

    Specialised Cell Structure

    The Neural Impulse

    Synapses and Neurotransmitters

    Neural Networks

    Structures of the Brain and Their Functions

    How Researchers Study the Brain and Nervous System

    How the Brain Is Organized

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY The Brain in Different Species

    The Cerebral Cortex

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Are Human Brains Uniquely Wired to Recognize Faces?

    The Cerebral Hemispheres and Split-Brain Research

    INTERSECTION Emotion and Neuroscience:: Is Your Brain Happy?

    Integration of Function in the Brain

    The Endocrine System

    Brain Damage, Plasticity, and Repair

    The Brain's Plasticity and Capacity for Repair

    Brain Tissue Implants

    Genetics and Behavior

    Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA

    The Study of Genetics

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY The Jim Twins

    Genes and the Environment

    Psychology's Biological Foundations and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception

    How We Sense and Perceive the World

    The Processes and Purposes of Sensation and Perception

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Old Woman or Young Woman?

    Sensory Receptors and the Brain

    Thresholds

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Subliminal Perception:: Working Up a Thirst

    Signal Detection Theory

    Perceiving Sensory Stimuli

    INTERSECTION Perception and Social Psychology:: Was That a Gun or Car Keys?

    Sensory Adaptation

    Extrasensory Perception

    The Visual System

    The Visual Stimulus and the Eye

    Visual Processing in the Brain

    Color Vision

    Perceiving Shape, Depth, Motion, and Constancy

    The Auditory System

    The Nature of Sound and How We Experience It

    Structures and Functions of the Ear

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Are Cochlear Implants a “Cure” for Deafness?

    Theories of Hearing

    Auditory Processing in the Brain

    Localizing Sound

    Other Senses

    The Skin Senses

    The Chemical Senses

    The Kinesthetic and Vestibular Senses

    Sensation, Perception, and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 5 States of Consciousness

    The Nature of Consciousness

    Defining Consciousness

    Consciousness and the Brain

    Levels of Awareness

    INTERSECTION Consciousness and Developmental Psychology:: How Do We Develop a Sense of the Minds of Others?

    Sleep and Dreams

    Biological Rhythms and Sleep

    Why Do We Need Sleep?

    Stages of Wakefulness and Sleep

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Taking a Ride on the Sleep Cycles

    Sleep and Disease

    Sleep Disorders

    Dreams

    Psychoactive Drugs

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Drug Use by American Teenagers

    Uses of Psychoactive Drugs

    Types of Psychoactive Drugs

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Should Illicit Psychoactive Drugs Be Legalized for Medical Use?

    Hypnosis

    The Nature of Hypnosis

    Explaining Hypnosis

    Uses of Hypnosis

    Consciousness and Health and Wellness:: Meditation

    Mindfulness Meditation

    The Meditative State of Mind

    Getting Started with Meditation

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 6 Learning

    Types of Learning

    Classical Conditioning

    Pavlov's Studies

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY From Acquisition to Extinction (to Spontaneous Recovery)

    Classical Conditioning in Humans

    Operant Conditioning

    Defining Operant Conditioning

    Thorndike's Law of Effect

    Skinner's Approach to Operant Conditioning

    Shaping

    INTERSECTION Behaviorism and Cognitive Neuroscience:: If It Feels Good, Is It Rewarding?

    Principles of Reinforcement

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Schedules of Reinforcement and Different Patterns of Responding

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Will Sparing the Rod Spoil the Child?

    Applied Behavior Analysis

    Observational Learning

    Cognitive Factors in Learning

    Purposive Behavior

    Insight Learning

    Biological, Cultural, and Psychological Factors in Learning

    Biological Constraints

    Cultural Influences

    Psychological Constraints

    Learning and Health and Wellness

    What Can a Rat Tell Us About Stress?

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 7 Memory

    The Nature of Memory

    Memory Encoding

    Attention

    Levels of Processing

    Elaboration

    Imagery

    Memory Storage

    Sensory Memory

    Short-Term Memory

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY The Inner Workings of Working Memory

    Long-Term Memory

    INTERSECTION Memory and Sensation:: Why Does Smell Share a Special Relationship with Memory?

    Memory Retrieval

    Serial Position Effect

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Don't Mess with Mr. In-Between

    Retrieval Cues and the Retrieval Task

    Special Cases of Retrieval

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Memories:: Recovered, Discovered, or False?

    Forgetting

    Encoding Failure

    Retrieval Failure

    Study Tips from the Science of Memory Memory and Health and Wellness

    Keeping Memory Sharp

    Memory and Everyday Life

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 8 Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

    The Cognitive Revolution in Psychology

    Thinking

    Concepts

    Problem Solving

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Thinking Outside the Box

    Reasoning and Decision Making

    Thinking Critically and Creatively

    INTERSECTION Emotion and Cognition:: How Are You Feeling and Thinking Today?

    Intelligence

    Measuring Intelligence

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY The Normal Curve

    Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

    Extremes of Intelligence

    Theories of Multiple Intelligences

    Language

    The Basic Properties of Language

    Language and Cognition

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Does Gender Influence Language?

    Biological and Environmental Influences on Language

    Language Development over the Life Span

    Thinking, Problem Solving, and Health and Wellness

    Cognitive Appraisal and Stress

    Cognitive Reappraisal

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge

    Chapter 9 Human Development

    Exploring Human Development

    Research Methods in Developmental Psychology

    How Do Nature and Nurture Influence Development?

    CRITICAL CONTROVERSY Genes or Superparents:: Which Matters More to Kids?

    What Is the Developer's Role in Development?

    Are Early or Later Life Experiences More Important in Development?

    Child Development

    Prenatal Development

    Physical Development in Childhood

    Cognitive Development in Childhood

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Thinking Critically About Object Permanence

    Socioemotional Development in Childhood

    INTERSECTION Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology:: Is “Girl Talk” Always a Good Thing?

    Adolescence

    Physical Development in Adolescence

    Cognitive Development in Adolescence

    Socioemotional Development in Adolescence:: The Emergence of Identity

    PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY Looking at Identity ExplorationEmerging Adulthood, Adult Development, and Aging

    Emerging Adulthood

    Physical Development in Adulthood

    Cognitive Development in Adulthood

    Socioemotional Development in Adulthood

    Human Development and Health and Wellness

    Coping and Adult Development

    Life Themes and Life-Span Development

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge

    Chapter 10 Motivation and Emotion

    1. Theories of Motivation

    2. Hunger, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

    3. Beyond Hunger:: Approaches to Motivation in Everyday Life

    4. Emotion

    5. Motivation, Emotion, and Health and Wellness:: The Pursuit of Happiness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 11, Gender and Sexuality

    1. Defining Sex and Gender

    Sex and Its Biological Components

    Gender

    The Role of Genes

    Disorders of Sexual Development

    2. Theories of Gender Development

    Biological Approaches

    Evolutionary Psychology Approaches

    Social Cognitive Approaches

    Social Role Theory

    Evaluating the Theoretical Approaches to Gender

    3. The Psychology of Gender Differences

    Infant Sex Differences

    Cognitive Differences

    Gender Differences in Aggression

    Gender Differences in Sexuality

    Evaluating the Evidence for Gender

    4. Sexual Orientation

    Defining Sexual Orientation

    Measuring Sexual Orientation

    Occurrence of the Different Sexual Orientations

    Origins of Sexual Orientation:: A Scientific Puzzle

    Gay and Lesbian Functioning

    Individual Adjustment and Well-Being

    Relationship Functioning

    Gay and Lesbian Families

    5. Sexual Behaviors, Practices, and Attitudes

    Sexual Behaviors

    Sexual Practices

    The Human Sexual Response Pattern

    Cognitive and Other Factors in Sexual Behavior and Attitudes

    6. Gender and Sexual Variations and Disorders

    Transgender:: A Variation of Gender Identity

    Variations in Sexual Behavior

    Variations, Disorders, and the Meaning of Normality

    7. Gender, Sexuality, and Health and Wellness

    Sexual Behavior and Physical Health

    Sexual Behavior and Psychological Well-Being

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge


    Chapter 12, Personality

    1. Psychodynamic Perspectives

    2. Humanistic Perspectives

    3. Trait Perspectives

    4. Personological and Life Story Perspectives

    5. Social Cognitive Perspectives

    6. Biological Perspectives

    7. Personality Assessment

    8. Personality and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 13, Social Psychology

    1. Social Cognition

    2. Social Behavior

    3. Social Influence

    4. Intergroup Relations

    5. Close Relationships

    6. Social Psychology and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 14, Industrial and Organizational Psychology

    1. Origins of I/O Psychology

    2. Industrial Psychology

    3. Organizational Psychology

    4. Organizational Culture

    5. I/O Psychology and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 15, Psychological Disorders

    1. Defining and Explaining Abnormal Behavior

    2. Anxiety Disorders

    3. Mood Disorders

    4. Eating Disorders

    5. Dissociative Disorders

    6. Schizophrenia

    7. Personality Disorders

    8. Psychological Disorders and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 16, Therapies

    1. Biological Therapies

    2. Psychotherapy

    3. Sociocultural Approaches and Issues in Treatment

    4. The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

    5. Therapies and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge



    Chapter 17, Health Psychology

    1. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

    2. Making Positive Life Changes

    3. Resources for Effective Life Change

    4. Toward a Healthier Mind (and Body):: Controlling Stress

    5. Toward a Healthier Body (and Mind):: Behaving as If Your Life Depends upon It

    6. Integrating Psychology and Health and Wellness

    Summary

    Key Terms

    Apply Your Knowledge

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