Antibiotic Essentials 2017

Overview of Antimicrobial Therapy

Factors in Antibiotic Selection

Spectrum

Tissue Penetration

Antibiotic Resistance Potential

Safety Profile

Cost

Factors in antibiotic Dosing

Dosing in Renal / Hepatic Insufficiency

Microbiology and Susceptibility Testing

In Vitro vs. In Vivo Susceptibility

PK/PD and Other Considerations in Antimicrobial Therapy

Bactericidal vs. Bacteriostatic Antibiotics

Monotherapy  vs. Combination Therapy

Oral Antibiotic Therapy for Serious Systemic Infections

IV-to- PO Switch Therapy

Bioavailability of Oral Antibiotics

OPAT

Duration of Therapy

Empiric vs. Specific Antibiotic Therapy

Colonisation vs. Infection

Positive Blood Cultures vs. Bacteremia

(MSSA, MRSA, CoNS)

Diabetic Foot

Ulcers

Sacral Ulcers

Drug Fever

Relative Bradycardia

Antibiotic Failure

Antibiotic

Stewardship Principles and Practice

Empiric Therapy Based On Clinical Syndrome

CNS Infections

Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Acute Nonbacterial/Chronic Meningitis         

Encephalitis

Brain Abscess/Subdural Empyema/

Cavernous Vein Thrombosis/Intracranial

Suppurative Thrombophlebitis         

HEENT Infections

Facial/Periorbital Cellulitis

Bacterial Sinusitis

Keratitis

Conjunctivitis

Chorioretinitis

Endophthalmitis

External Otitis

Acute Otitis Media

Mastoiditis

Suppurative Parotitis

Pharyngitis

Thrush (Oropharyngeal Candidiasis)               

Mouth Ulcers/Vesicles

Deep Neck Infections, Lemierres

Syndrome, Severe Dental Infections               

Epiglottitis

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of

Chronic Bronchitis

Mediastinitis

Community-Acquired Pneumonia   

Zoonotic Atypical Pneumonia

Lung Abscess/Empyema

Nursing Home-Acquired Pneumonia              

Nosocomial Pneumonia

Cardiovascular Infections

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis       

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Pericarditis/Myocarditis

Central IV Line/Pacemaker Infections             

Vascular Graft Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Esophagitis

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Gastric Perforation

Diarrhea/Typhoid (Enteric) Fever    

Cholecystitis

Cholangitis

Gallbladder Wall Abscess/Perforation            

Acute Pancreatitis

Pancreatic Abscess/Infected Pancreatic ­Pseudocyst 

Liver Abscess

Hepatosplenic Candidiasis

Granulomatous Hepatitis

Viral Hepatitis

Intraabdominal or Pelvic ­Peritonitis/Abscess (Colitis, ­Appendicitis, ­Diverticulitis, Septic Pelvic ­

Thrombophlebitis, Spontaneous ­Bacterial Peritonitis, CAPD-Associated ­Peritonitis, TB Peritonitis)

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Dysuria-Pyuria Syndrome

Cystitis

Catheter-Associated Bacteriuria/Candiduria 

Epididymitis

Acute Pyelonephritis

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Renal TB

Renal Abscess (Intrarenal/Perinephric)         

Prostatitis/Prostatic Abscess

Urosepsis

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Salpingitis, ­Tuboovarian Abscess, Endometritis/­Endomyometritis, Septic Abortion

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Urethritis/Cervicitis

Vaginitis/Balanitis

Genital Vesicle

Genital Ulcers

Suppurating Inguinal Adenopathy   

Genital/Perianal Warts

Syphilis

Bone and Joint Infections

Septic Arthritis/Bursitis

Lyme Disease/Lyme Arthritis

Infected Joint Prosthesis

Osteomyelitis

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Cellulitis, Erysipelas, Mastitis

Complicated Skin/Skin Structure

Infections (cSSSIs)

Skin Ulcers

Skin Abscesses/Infected Cysts (Skin

Pustules/Boils, Furunculosis)

Skin Vesicles (Non-Genital)

Wound Infection

Superficial Fungal Infections Skin/Nail            

Skin Infestations

Ischiorectal/Perirectal Abscess        

Sepsis/Septic Shock

Febrile Neutropenia

Transplant Infections

Bacteremia

Candidemia

CMV/HHV-6/BK Virus

EVB/PTLD

RSV

Adenovirus

Encephalitis/Meningitis

Brain Abscess/Mass Lesions

Focal/Segmental Pulmonary

Infiltrates

Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates

Viral Hepatitis

Toxin-Mediated Infectious Diseases

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Botulism

Tetanus

Diphtheria

Bioterrorist Agents

Anthrax

Tularemia Pneumonia

Pneumonic Plague

Botulism

Smallpox

Ebola

Antibiotic ­Susceptibility ­Profiles And Initial ­Therapy Of Isolates  Pending ­Susceptibility Results 

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles (Penicillins, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, and Others)

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles

(Cephalosporins)

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles

(Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones,

Carbapenems, and Others)

Gram Stain Characteristics of Isolates (by

Morphology Arrangement,

Oxygen Requirements)

Alphabetical Index of Isolates

Key Factors in Antibiotic Selection (Isolate Known)     

Antibiotic Resistance Potential         

Aerobic Isolates

Capnophilic Isolates

Anaerobic Isolates

Yeast/Fungi

Empiric Antibiotic Therapy of Selected Problem Pathogens

Gram Stain/Giemsa Stain Technique               

CSF Gram Stain

Sputum Gram Stain

Urine Gram Stain

Fecal Gram Stain

Parasites, Fungi, Unusual  Organisms

Blood Pathogens

Microfilaria in Blood

Trypanosomes in Blood

Spirochetes in Blood

Intracellular Inclusion Bodies in Blood            

CSF/Brain Pathogens

Cysts/Mass Lesions in CSF/Brain      

Lung Pathogens

Pulmonary Cystic Lesions/Masses

Pulmonary Coin Lesions

Pulmonary Infiltrates/Mass Lesions 

Heart Pathogens

Chagas Disease

Liver Pathogens

Liver Flukes

Cystic Masses in Liver

Hepatomegaly

Stool/Intestines Pathogens

Intestinal Protozoa

Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)              

Intestinal Cestodes (Tapeworms)     

Intestinal Trematodes

(Flukes/Flatworms)

Other Intestinal Infections

Skin/Muscle Pathogens

Infiltrative Skin/­Subcutaneous Lesions          

Infiltrative Skin Lesions ± Ulcers/Sinus

Tracts/Abscesses

Skin Vesicles/Bullae

Subcutaneous Serpiginous Lesions 

Skin Papules/Nodules/Abscesses    

Rickettsia (Fever/Petechial Skin Rash)            

Other Skin Lesions

Myositis

HIV Infection

Overview

Stages of HIV Infection

Acute (Primary) HIV Infection           

Approach to HIV Testing

Initial Assessment of HIV Patients    

Indications for Treatment of HIV

Infection

Antiretroviral Treatment

Antiretroviral Treatment Failure      

Opportunistic Infections in HIV Disease          

Treatment of Opportunistic Infections           

Treatment of Other Opportunistic

Infections in HIV

HIV Coinfections (HBV/HCV)

Prophylaxis And Immunizations

Surgical Prophylaxis

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Chronic Medical Prophylaxis/Suppression    

HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)              

HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)              

HIV Opportunistic Infections

Transplant Prophylaxis

Endocarditis Prophylaxis

Travel Prophylaxis

Malaria Prophylaxis

Tetanus Prophylaxis

Immunizations

Pediatric Infectious Diseases And Pediatric Drug Summaries

CNS Infections

HEENT Infections

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 

Vascular Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections

Bone and Joint Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections         

Common Pediatric Antimicrobial Drugs          

Chest X-Ray Atlas

Unilateral Focal Segmental/ Lobar Infiltrate without Effusion

Unilateral Focal Segmental/Lobar

Infiltrate With Effusion

Unilateral Ill-Defined Infiltrates Without ­Effusion        

Unilateral Ill-Defined Infiltrates With Effusion

Bilateral Infiltrates Without Effusion               

Bilateral Infiltrates With Effusion     

Cavitary Infiltrates (Thick-Walled)    

Cavitary Infiltrates (Thin-Walled)

Infectious Disease Differential Diagnosis

Antibiotic Pearls & Pitfalls

Antimicrobial Drug Summaries

Appendix

Index

Color Atlas of CSF, Sputum, and Urine Gram Stains & Fungal Stains