Pesticide dose is a parameter that is central to pesticide efficacy, effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, evolution of pesticide resistance, and non-intended pesticide effects such as hormesis (the stimulatory effect of a sub-toxic dose of a toxin). This book details and documents the reasons why only a tiny fraction of applied pesticides reach their desired molecular targets in the pests for which they are intended. This is followed by a discussion of the relationship ofdose to efficacy levels and the practical implications of this. Pesticide movement to non-target organisms by drift and other processes has become a topic of great interest and is thoroughly covered. The book ends with a review of the effects of herbicides on non-target terrestrial plants with largedifferences in sensitivities to low herbicides doses. This volume gives the reader an appreciation for the complexity of pesticide dose effects.
Preface; 1. Pesticide Dose - A Parameter with Many Implications; 2. Herbicide Dose: What Is a Low Dose?; 3. Dose, Drift, and Non-Target Organisms; 4. Variations in Pesticide Doses under Field Conditions; 5. Catch 22: All Doses Select for Resistance. When Will This Happen and How To Slow Evolution?; 6. Reduced Fungicide Dose in Cereals: Which Parameters To Consider?; 7. Perspectives on Hormesis and Implications for Pesticides; 8. Occurrence and Significance of Insecticide-Induced Hormesis in Insects; 9. Chemical Hormesis on Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes; 10. Herbicide-Mediated Hormesis; 11. Effects of Herbicides on Non-Target Terrestrial Plants; 12. Low Dose Effects of Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment; Editors Biographies; Indexes;
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