Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

Chapter 1 - Understanding Abnormality:: A Look at History and Research Methods

CASE REPORT::Rebecca Hasbrouck

What Is Abnormal Behavior?

Defining Abnormality

Distress

Impairment

Risk to Self or Other People

Socially and Culturally Unacceptable Behavior

Challenges Involved in Characterizing Abnormal Behavior

What Causes Abnormality?

Biological Causes

Psychological Causes

REAL STORIES:: Kelsey Grammer

Sociocultural Causes

Abnormality:: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Abnormal Psychology Throughout History

Prehistoric Times:: Abnormal Behavior as Demonic Possession

Ancient Greece and Rome:: The Emergence of the Scientific Model

The Middle Ages and Renaissance:: The Re-emergence of Spiritual Explanations

Europe and the United States in the 1700s:: The Reform Movement

The 1800s to the 1900s:: Development of Alternative Models for Abnormal Behavior

The Late Twentieth Century:: The Challenge of Providing Humane and Effective Treatment

Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology

The Scientific Method

The Experimental Method

The Correlational Method

The Survey Method

The Case Study Method

Single-Subject Design

Studies of Genetic Influence

The Human Experience of Psychological Disorders

Impact on the Individual:: Stigma and Distress

Impact on the Family

Impact on the Community and Society

Reducing Stigma

Bringing It All Together:: Clinical Perspectives

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 2 - Classification and Treatment Plans

CASE REPORT::Peter Dickinson

Psychological Disorder::Experiences of Client and Clinician

The Client

Definitions

Prevalence of Psychological Disorders

The Clinician

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

How the DSM Developed

Controversial Issues Pertaining to DSM

Definition of “Mental Disorder”

Assumptions of the DSM-IV-TR

Medical Model

Atheoretical Orientation

Categorical Approach

Multiaxial System

The Five Axes of the DSM-IV-TR

Axis I:: Clinical Disorders

Axis II:: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

Axis III:: General Medical Conditions

Axis IV:: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

Axis V:: Global Assessment of Functioning

The Diagnostic Process

The Clients Reported and Observable Symptoms

Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis

Final Diagnosis

Case Formulation

Cultural Formulation

Treatment Planning

Goals of Treatment

REAL STORIES:: Patty Duke

Treatment Site

Psychiatric Hospitals

Outpatient Treatment

Halfway Houses and Day Treatment Programs

Other Treatment Sites

Modality of Treatment

Determining the Best Approach to Treatment

Treatment Implementation

The Course of Treatment

The Clinicians Role in Treatment

The Clients Role in Treatment

The Outcome of Treatment

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 3 - Assessment

CASE REPORT::Ben Robsham

What Is a Psychological Assessment?

Clinical Interview

Unstructured Interview

Structured and Semistructured Interviews

Mental Status Examination

Appearance and Behavior

Orientation

Content of Thought

Thinking Style and Language

Affect and Mood

Perceptual Experiences

Sense of Self

Motivation

Cognitive Functioning

Insight and Judgment

Psychological Testing

What Makes a Good Psychological Test?

Intelligence Testing

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Wechsler Intelligence Scales

Cultural Considerations in Intelligence Testing

Personality and Diagnostic Testing

Self-Report Clinical Inventories

Projective Testing

Behavioral Assessment

Behavioral Self-Report

Behavioral Observation

Environmental Assessment

REAL STORIES:: Frederick Frese

Physiological Assessment

Psychophysiological Assessment

Brain Imaging Techniques

Neuropsychological Assessment

Putting It All Together

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms