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ICRP Publication 95: Doses to Infants from Ingestion of Radionuclides in Mother's Milk

9780080446271
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Opis
  • ABSTRACT
    GUEST EDITORIAL
    PREFACE 5
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8
    1. INTRODUCTION 17
    BACKGROUND 17
    Security of Radiation Sources 17
    Radiation-Related Malevolence 18
    AIM OF THE REPORT 19
    INTENDED AUDIENCE 21
    2. CHARACTERIZING THE SITUATION 22
    POTENTIAL SCENARIOS 22
    Threat 22
    Initiators 23
    Common Features 24
    SPECIAL FEATURES 25
    Location 25
    Public Perception 25
    Source Term Characterization 26
    Covert Situations 26
    Public Sentiment 27
    Advance Warning 27
    Criminal Investigation 28
    Challenges 29
    PLANNING 29
    All-hazard” Planning 30
    Disaster Management 31
    Medical Preparedness 31
    Psychological Issues 32
    Exercises 33
    EXPOSURE 34
    Quantification 34
    Pathways 36
    INITIAL REACTION 38
    Reacting to an Explosion 38
    Reacting to an IND 38
    RESPONSE PHASES 39
    Rescue and Early Actions 39
    Recovery 40
    Restoration 40
    LINKS 40
    3. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO RADIATION EXPOSURE 42
    BIOLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS 42
    Deterministic effects 42
    Stochastic effects 43
    Prenatal exposure effects 43
    Other issues with pregnant women and children 45
    Special considerations for INDs 45
    Summary of Biological Health Consequences 46
    PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS 46
    Distress 47
    Fear of Cancer and other Health Effects attributable to Radiation 47
    4. PROTECTING RESPONDERS 48
    OCCUPATIONAL PROTECTION APPROACH 49
    Occupational Dose Guidelines 50
    OCCUPATIONAL PROTECTION TECHNIQUES 52
    Managing Field Exposures 52
    Protective Clothing 53
    Respiratory Protection 54
    5. PROTECTING THE PUBLIC 54
    RESCUE PHASE (IMMEDIATE ACTIONS) 54
    Controlling access and spread of contamination 55
    Immediate care of people with traumatic injuries 56
    Triage Dose Assessment 58
    Psychological triage and disposition 59
    Respiratory protection 60
    RESCUE PHASE (URGENT ACTIONS) 60
    Personal Decontamination 60
    Sheltering 61
    Evacuation 64
    Iodine Prophylaxis 66
    RECOVERY PHASE 68
    Refined Dose Assessment 68
    Biological assays 68
    Temporary Relocation and Resettlement 70
    RESTORATION PHASE 71
    Cleanup 71
    Management of Radioactive Waste 73
    Radioactive Residues 74
    Discontinuation of Protective Actions 75
    Final dose assessment 76
    SUMMARY OF DOSE CRITERIA FOR PROTECTING THE PUBLIC 77
    Generic Optimized Protection Levels 77
    Operational Levels 78
    CONTROLLING CONTAMINATION OF CONSUMER GOODS 78
    Basic Criteria 79
    International consensus on radiological criteria for radionuclides in commodities 80
    Radionuclides in Bulk Amounts of Materials 80
    Radionuclides in Foods 81
    Radionuclides in Water Supplies 82
    Control in the Affected Area 84
    Control Outside the Affected Area 84
    PARTICULAR SITUATIONS 84
    Handling Situations with Hot Particles” 84
    Handling Contaminated Corpses 85
    6. MEDICAL INTERVENTION 87
    ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF MEDICAL TREATMENT 87
    OTHER IMPORTANT MEDICAL ISSUES 89
    Identification of radionuclides 89
    Secondary treatment centers 89
    Biodosimetry 90
    Skilled personnel 90
    Training Medical Personnel 91
    Long term follow-up 91
    7. COMMUNICATION 92
    REFERENCES 94
    ANNEX I:: TERMINOLOGY 99
    ANNEX II:: POTENTIAL SCENARIOS 110
    Malicious Intent 110
    Unannounced Events 110
    Thefts 110
    Radiation Exposure Devices 111
    Radioactive Dispersion Devices 111
    Site-Specific Radioactive Contamination 112
    Radioactive Contamination of Food and Water Supplies 113
    Attacking Nuclear Facilities 113
    Improvised Nuclear Devices 114
    ANNEX III:: MEDICAL ISSUES 115
    PLANNING FOR PUBLIC HEALTH & MEDICAL INTERVENTION 115
    Threats 115
    Unannounced Events 115
    Irradiation 115
    Contamination of food and water supplies 116
    RDDs 117
    Attack upon a nuclear facility 117
    RELEVANT INFORMATION FOR IMMEDIATE MEDICAL PROGNOSIS AND INITIAL TREATMENT OF RADIATION EFFECTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO EXTERNAL RADIATION 117
    Prodromal phase of acute radiation syndrome 119
    Change of lymphocyte counts in the initial days of acute radiation syndrome depending on the dose of acute whole body exposure 121
    Latent phase of acute radiation syndrome 121
    Findings of critical phase of acute radiation syndrome following whole body exposure 122
    Principal therapeutic measures for acute radiation syndrome according to degree 123
    Onset time of clinical signs of skin injury depending on the dose received 123
    THERAPIES FOR INTERNAL CONTAMINATION 124
    Blocking, diluting and displacement agents 124
    Reduction of gastrointestinal absorption 126
    Chelating agents 127
    THERAPIES FOR EXTERNAL EXPOSURE 128
    Prevention and treatment of infections 129
    Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance 129
    Specific treatments of bone marrow depression 130
    Radioprotective agents 133
    ANNEX IV:: PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES 134
    COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CARE PROVIDERS AND PATIENTS 136
    DEBRIEFING 138
Szczegóły produktu
Pergamon
33212
9780080446271
9780080446271

Opis

Rok wydania
2006
Numer wydania
1
Oprawa
miękka foliowana
Liczba stron
280
Waga (g)
318
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