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The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

9780198784906
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1 466,32 zł Zniżka 77,18 zł Brutto
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Opis
This new, third edition of The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine is a ground-breaking initiative from the European Society of Cardiology that transforms reference publishing in cardiovascular medicine to better serve the changing needs of the global cardiology community. Providing the background information behind clinical practice and the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines, this publication is an invaluable resource for cardiologists across the world. Overseen by Professors A. John Camm, Thomas F. Lüscher, Gerald Maurer, and Patrick W. Serruys, supported by an editorial board of subject experts, and with more than 1000 of the worlds leading specialists - from researchers to clinicians - contributing, this dynamic encyclopaedic resource covers more than 63 disciplines within cardiology. Split into six parts:: Introduction to the cardiovascular system; Investigations; Heart diseases; Vascular disease; Specific populations - gender andrace; and Other aspects of Cardiology, The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine gives readers a trustworthy insight into all aspects of cardiovascular medicine. To respond nimbly to the rapid evolution of the field, the textbook is also published online in an innovative digital version, titled ESC CardioMed. This digital resource is continually updated by the author teams. With expert editors and authors, and stringent peer-review, it combines the discoverability of digital with the higest standards of academic publishing. Highly illustrated, with embedded multi-media features, along with cross-referenced links to the ESC Clinical PracticeGuidelines, related content, and primary research in the European Heart Journal, ESC CardioMed provides users with a dynamic, forward-thinking resource, at the heart of cardiology. As a continually evolving knowledge base, The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, together with the online counterpart ESC CardioMed, equips all cardiologists - from trainees and consultants, to device specialists and allied healthcare professionals - with a powerful, multi-faceted resource covering all aspects of cardiovsacular medicine.
Szczegóły produktu
OUP Oxford
87535
9780198784906
9780198784906

Opis

Rok wydania
2018
Numer wydania
3
Liczba stron
3408
Wymiary (mm)
219 x 276
Waga (g)
7780
  • PART 1. Introduction to the cardiovascular system; Section 1. Cardiovascular history and physical examination; Section editor:: Nicholas Boon; Approach to cardiovascular assessment; Cardiovascular symptoms; Cardiovascular signs; Section 2. Developmental biology of the heart; Section editor:: Miguel Torres; Cardiac embryogenesis; The molecular basis of cardiac embryogenesis; From heart-forming region to ballooning chambers; Development of the ventricles and valves; Development of the cardiac conduction system; Epicardial and coronary vascular development; Cardiomyocyte development from mid-gestation through preadolescence; Section 3. Functional anatomy of the heart; Section editor:: Siew Yen Ho; Introduction; Cardiac anatomy in the interventional era:: an overview; Normal conduction system, coronary arteries, and coronary veins; Normal atrial and ventricular myocardial structures; The heart as a functional unit; Ventricular structure and function; Functional anatomy of atria; Functional anatomy of left heart valves; Functional anatomy of right heart valves; Functional anatomy of myocardial perfusion; Section 4. Cardiovascular physiology; Section editor:: Guido Grassi; The heart as a pump:: governing principles; Cardiac electrophysiology; Cardiovascular physiology:: regulation of coronary circulation; Regulation of blood pressure; Heart/kidney interactions; Cardiovascular response to exercise; Cardiovascular response to mental stress; The cardiovascular system during sleep; The ageing heart; Alterations in cardiovascular physiology in pathological states; Section 5. Cardiovascular pharmacology; Section editor:: Faiez Zannad; Renin-angiotensin system and neprilysin; Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; Autonomic nervous system drugs; Pharmacology of vasodilators; Positive inotropes; Antiarrhythmics; Pharmacology of oral antiplatelet drugs; Fibrinolytic therapy; Lipid-lowering drugs; Oral diabetes treatments and cardiovascular disease; Renal pharmacology for the cardiologist; Potassium binders; Cardiovascular effects of non-cardiovascular drugs; Drug-drug interactions; Local drugs in interventional cardiology pharmacology; Section 6. Anticoagulation; Section editor:: Raffaele DeCaterina; An overview of haemostasis, in relation to atherothrombotic, thromboembolic, and venous cardiovascular disease; Current targets of anticoagulants; Epidemiology of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in heart disease; Unfractionated heparin; Low-molecular-weight heparin; Fondaparinux and its derivatives; Bivalirudin and argatroban; Reversal of parenteral anticoagulants; Vitamin K antagonists; The NOACs:: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics; The NOACs:: clinical pharmacology; The NOACs in special situations:: the elderly, renal impairment, combination with antiplatelet agents and thrombolytics; Reversal of oral anticoagulants; Epidemiological data on the use of traditional anticoagulants in cardiovascular disease; Section 7. Epidemiology and global burden; Section editor:: Sumeet Chugh; Strategies for assessment of global disease burden; Epidemiology and global burden of hypertension; Epidemiology and global burden of ischaemic heart disease; Epidemiology and global burden of cardiomyopathy; Epidemiology and global burden of arrhythmias; Epidemiology and global burden of rheumatic heart disease; Epidemiology and global burden of myocarditis and pericarditis; Epidemiology and global burden of infective endocarditis; Epidemiology and global burden of peripheral arterial disease and aortic aneurysms; PART 2. Investigations; Section 8. Electrocardiogram; Section editor:: Antonio Bayes de Luna; Introduction; Atrial abnormalities; Ventricular hypertrophy; Intraventricular conduction disturbances; ECG patterns of ischaemia and necrosis; ECG patterns related to arrhythmias and sudden death:: channelopathies, early repolarization, and preexcitiation; ECG in syncope, palpitations, dyspnoea, and chest pain; The abnormal ECG without apparent heart disease and the normal ECG in serious heart diseases:: two extremes; Ambulatory ECG monitoring; Section 9. Chest radiography; Section editor:: Christian Herold; Normal anatomy with a focus on the cardiac silhouette and the great vessels; Pulmonary venous hypertension; Pulmonary arterial hypertension and acute and chronic thromboembolism; Pulmonary infections; Focal abnormalities; Lines, tubes, and implantable devices; Section 10. Cardiac ultrasound; Frank Flachskampf; Principles of echocardiographic imaging and velocity assessment by Doppler and speckle tracking; Technical equipment for echocardiography; Transthoracic echocardiography and the standard examination of specific cardiac structures; Stress echocardiography; Contrast echocardiography; Three-dimensional echocardiography; Coronary heart disease; Hypertension and diabetes; Transoesophageal echocardiography; Left ventricular function, heart failure, and resynchronization therapy; Assist devices; Cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and the transplanted heart; Cardiac valves; Echocardiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation; Transcatheter mitral valve repair:: from edge-to-edge to annuloplasty; Prosthetic valve evaluation; Pulmonary hypertension and the right ventricle; Echocardiographic assessment:: diseases of the aorta; Atrial fibrillation, cardiogenic embolism, and tumors; Emergency echocardiography; Section 11. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance; Section editor:: Dudley Pennell; Normal anatomy and function; Cardiovascular magnetic resonance physics, techniques, and contrast agents; Coronary artery disease; Cardiomyopathies; Congenital heart disease; Valvular heart disease; Atherosclerosis imaging; Angiography; Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in less common pathologies; Section 12. Cardiovascular computed tomography; Section editor:: Stephan Achenbach; Technology of cardiac computed tomography; Coronary calcium; Coronary computed tomography angiography:: detection of coronary artery stenosis; Coronary computed tomography angiography:: imaging of coronary atherosclerotic plaque; Computed tomography myocardial perfusion; Computed tomography for cardiac morphology, function, and valve disease; Computed tomography for cardiac interventions; Section 13. Nuclear cardiology and positron emission tomography; Section editor:: Philipp Kaufmann; Basic principles and technological state of the art:: SPECT; Basic principles and technological state of the art:: PET; Basic principles and technological state of the art:: hybrid imaging; Assessment of coronary artery disease:: chronic stable angina; Assessment of coronary artery disease:: imaging-guided management and therapy; Integration of stress nuclear imaging in the diagnostic and management algorithms of stable coronary artery disease; Assessment of coronary artery disease:: nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging in specific patient populations; Heart failure; Endocarditis and device infection; Infiltrative disease (amyloidosis/sarcoidosis); Future potential; Section 14. Invasive imaging and haemodynamics; Section editor:: Carlo Di Mario; Haemodynamic data; Coronary Angiography and Ventriculography; Intravascular ultrasound imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Functional coronary assessment:: fractional flow reserve; Functional coronary assessment:: instantaneous wave-free ratio and other indices; Section 15. Selection of imaging techniques; Section editor:: Jeroen Bax; Choice of imaging techniques; PART 3. Heart Diseases; Section 16 Genetics of cardiovascular diseases; Section editor:: Heribert Schunkert; Introduction; Genetic counselling; Principles of cascade screening; Principles of molecular genetic testing; Basic principles of genetic disease; Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases:: genetics of arrhythmias-long QT syndrome; Monogenic and oligogenic CV diseases - Genetics of arrhythmias - short QT Syndrome; Monogenic and oligogenic CV diseases - Genetics of arrhythmias - Brugada Syndrome; Monogenic and oligogenic CV diseases - Genetics of arrhythmias - catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; Post-mortem genetic testing in sudden death cases; Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Dilated cardiomyopathy; Genetics of cardiomyopathies:: left ventricular non-compaction; Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy; Genetics of cardiomyopathies:: cardiac manifestations of genetic mitochondrial diseases; Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Myocardial infiltration; Genetics of vascular disease:: Marfan syndrome and aortic disease; Structural diseases of the heart - Genetics of congenital heart diseases; Structural diseases of the heart:: syndromes affecting the cardiovascular system; Complex Cardiovascular Diseases - Atherosclerosis - genetic factors; Complex Cardiovascular Diseases - Dyslipidaemias - genetic factors; Complex cardiovascular diseases:: genetic determi nants of atrial fibrillation; Complex cardiovascular diseases:: the genetics of arterial hypertension; Section 17. Congenital heart disease in children and adults; Section editor:: John Deanfield; Introduction; Nomenclature; Epidemiology and incidence; Aetiology, genes, and environment; Fetal circulation & perinatal programming; Clinical Presentations & Initial Investigations; Echocardiography; Cross-Sectional imaging/modelling; Functional Testing; Electrophysiological abnormalities and Arrhythmias; Interventional catheterization; Long term Outcomes; Arterial Disease in the Young; Contraception and pregnancy; Pulmonary Hypertension; Heart Failure; Support/Transplantation; Atrial septal defect; Atrioventricular septal defect; Ventricular septal defect; Patent ductus arteriosus; Pulmonary valve stenosis; Vascular Rings; Aortic stenosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; Coarctation; Tetralogy of Fallot; Ebsteins Anomaly; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome; Single ventricle/total cavopulmonary connection (Fontan circulation); Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection; Complete transposition of the great arteries; Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries; Section 18. Prevention in cardiovascular disease and rehabilitation; Section editor:: Massimo Piepoli; Introduction; Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual level; Risk factor management at the level of the individual using lifestyle changes; Risk factor intervention at the population level; Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training; Prevention in cardiovascular disease and rehabilitation; Settings and stakeholders; Section 19. Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome; Section editor:: Lars Ryden; Introduction; Dysglycaemia - Definition, classification and diagnosis; Vascular complications of dysglycaemia; Cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes and pr e-diabetes; Preventing cardiovascular complications in patients with dysglycemia; Special conditions - Acute coronary syndromes; Special conditions - Revascularisation; Diabetes and heart failure; Diabetes and arrhythmias; Diabetes and lower extremity arterial disease; Special conditions:: kidney disease; Person centred care; Section 20. Heart and the brain; Section editor:: Hans-Christoph Diener; Acute ischaemic stroke:: classification and diagnosis; Impact of stroke on heart function; Causes of cardioembolic stroke; Embolic stroke of undetermined source; Treatment of acute stroke; Closure of a patent foramen ovale for the prevention of stroke; Secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation; Management of vascular risk factors and co-morbidities in secondary stroke prevention; Intracranial haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation and dementia; Section 21. Cardiovascular problems in chronic kidney disease; Section editor:: Christoph Wanner; Epidemiology and chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factor; Causes of death in renal disease; Pathophysiology; Cardiovascular imaging in chronic kidney disease; Prevention and drug therapy in chronic kidney disease; Device therapy in chronic kidney disease (implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy); Special considerations in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy and kidney transplant patients; Section 22. Erectile dysfunction; Section editor:: Charalambos Vlachopoulos; Sex and the heart; Erectile dysfunction:: definition and size of the problem; Asking; Erectile dysfunction as a marker and predictor of cardiovascular disease; Testosterone, erectile dysfunction, and the heart; Sexual function and dysfunction in women (and the effect for the couple); Lifestyle issues; Drugs; Surgery; Management of a patient with erectile dysfunction with or without known cardiovascular disease; Section 23. Lung Disease; Section editor:: Martin Cowie; Epidemiological relationships between respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; Long Term Oxygen Therapy/Ventilation and Cardiovascular outcomes in chronic lung and respiratory disease; Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment on cardiovascular outcome; Muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure; Pulmonary rehabilitation in Chronic Lung Disease and Heart Failure; Sleep apnoea:: definition, prevalence and role in cardiovascular diseases; Sleep Related Breathing Disorders - Classification and diagnosis; Sleep apnoea:: treatment options and sleep/cardiovascular outcome; Beyond positive airway pressure therapy:: experimental and non-conventional treatments in sleep apnoea; Atmospheric pollution and cardiovascular risk; High-altitude pulmonary oedema; Section 24. Gastrointestinal disease; Section editor:: Gerhard Rogler; Introduction; Gut microbiome, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis; Gut microbiota and coronary artery disease; The gut and cardiovascular diseases; Intestinal absorption and drug levels; Chronic heart failure and liver function; Protein-losing enteropathy associated with heart disease; Section 25. Rheumatoid arthritis and the heart; Section editor:: Thomas Lüscher; Introduction; Mechanisms of inflammation; Inflammatory diseases:: inflammation and cardiovascular disease; Rheumatoid arthritis:: basic mechanisms in joints; Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease; Treatment aims in rheumatoid arthritis; Inflammatory bowel disease:: basic mechanisms; Inflammatory bowel disease and the heart; Psoriasis; Section 26. Rheumatic heart disease; Section editor:: Ferande Peters; Introduction; Epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease; Pathogenesis:: from acute rheumatic fever to rheumatic heart disease; Clinical features and diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever; Echocardiography in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease; Prevention and definitive therapy of acute rheumatic fever; Chronic rheumatic disease; Clinical scenarios in chronic rheumatic heart disease; Therapeutic options in chronic rheumatic heart disease; Section 27. Cardio-oncology; Section editor:: John Groarke; Introduction; Radiation-induced heart disease:: surveillance and management; Surveillance for cardiotoxicity in patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy; Anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity:: epidemiology, surveillance, prophylaxis, management, and prognosis; Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity:: epidemiology, surveillance, management, prophylaxis, and prognosis; Cardiovascular complications of novel kinase inhibitors; Cardiovascular complications of novel multiple myeloma treatments; Cardiovascular risk in men with prostate cancer; Cardiac arrhythmias and cancer therapies; Section 28. HIV; Section editor:: Nombulelo P. Magula; Introduction; Epidemiology of HIV-associated cardiovascular complications; HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis; Pericarditis and myopericarditis in HIV; Vascular disease:: coronary, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease; Pulmonary hypertension:: definitions, classification, diagnosis, and management; Antiretroviral treatment; Section 29. Acute coronary syndromes; Section editor:: Stefan James; Introduction; The plaque; Epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes; General risk factors of acute coronary syndromes; Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes; Thrombotic response; Development of myocardial infarction; Diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes; Treatment of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes; Treatment of ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes; Section 30. Takotsubo syndrome; Section editor:: Christian Templin; Introduction; Incidence and definition of takotsubo syndrome; Mechanisms of takotsubo syndrome; Signal transduction pathways initiated by catecholamines in takotsubo syndrome:: focus on nitrosative stress and energetic impairment; Triggers of takotsubo syndrome; Clinical presentation of takotsubo syndrome; Diagnostic testing in takotsubo syndrome; ECG features and arrhythmias in takotsubo syndrome; Co-morbidities in takotsubo syndrome; Management of takotsubo syndrome; Takotsubo syndrome complications, outcome, and prognosis; Section 31. Chronic ischaemic heart disease; Section editor:: William Wijns; Introduction; Pathology of Stable Coronary Artery Disease; Pathophysiology of coronary circulation; Myocardial ischaemia:: definition and causes; Importance of the Coronary Collateral Circulation; Coronary artery disease:: from atherosclerosis to obstructive disease, inducible ischaemia, and the ischaemic cascade; Clinical symptoms of stable ischaemic heart disease; Non invasive functional evaluation; Invasive and non-invasive (computed tomography) angiography; Invasive functional evaluation; Intracoronary imaging; Risk stratification and risk scores; Medical management:: lifestyle and behavioural changes; Medical management:: pharmacological therapy; Myocardial revascularization:: symptomatic and prognostic indications; Cost Effectiveness; Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Cardiovascular Disease; Ischaemic heart disease and diabetes; Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting; Refractory angina; Chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy; Microvascular angina; Vasospastic angina; Section 32. Myocardial disease; Section editor:: Perry Elliott; Introduction; Classification of cardiomyopathies; General approach to diagnosis of cardiomyopathies; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:: genetics; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:: diagnosis and assessment of symptoms; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:: medical management of heart failure symptoms and arrhythmias; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:: invasive management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:: prevention of sudden cardiac death; Dilated cardiomyopathy:: genetics; Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Clinical diagnosis and medical management; Dilated cardiomyopathy:: management of arrhythmia and prevention of sudden cardiac death; Restrictive cardiomyopathy; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy:: genetics; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy:: diagnosis; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy:: management of symptoms and prevention of sudden cardiac death; Left ventricular non-compaction:: genetics and embryology; Left ventricular non-compaction:: diagnosis and clinical management; Myocarditis - Aetiology & histopathological diagnosis; Myocarditis - Clinical presentation; Myocarditis:: imaging techniques; Myocarditis - Treatment of myocarditis; The heart in neuromuscular disease:: primary mitochondrial diseases; The heart in neuromuscular disease:: myotonic dystrophy; The Heart in Neuromuscular disease - Duchenne and Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies; The heart in inherited metabolic disorders:: lysosomal and glycogen storage diseases; Cardiac Amyloidosis; Peripartum Cardiomyopathy; Childhood cardiomyopathy; Section 33. Pericardial disease; Section editor:: Yehuda Adler; Overview of pericardial syndromes; Acute and recurrent pericarditis; Pericardial effusion; Cardiac tamponade; Constrictive pericarditis; Pericardial masses and congenital abnormalities; Pericardial involvement in neoplastic disease; Multimodality imaging of pericardial diseases; Interventional therapies for pericardial diseases; Surgical therapies for pericardial disease; What next?; Section 34. Tumours of the heart; Section editor:: Gaetano Thiene; Masses and cardiac tumours:: classification and diagnosis; Benign cardiac tumours; Malignant tumours, pericardial tumours, and therapy; Section 35. Valvular heart disease; Section editor:: Helmut Baumgartner; Introduction and general comments; Aortic regurgitation; Aortic stenosis; Mitral regurgitation; Mitral stenosis; Tricuspid regurgitation; Tricuspid stenosis; Combined and multiple valve diseases; Prosthetic valves; Management during non-cardiac surgery; Management during pregnancy; Section 36. Infective endocarditis; Section editor:: Gilbert Habib; Epidemiology and physiopathology; Diagnosis; Prognosis and complications; Prosthetic valve endocarditis; Cardiac device-related endocarditis; Right-sided infective endocarditis; Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis; Congenital heart disease; Indications for surgery:: guidelines; Surgical techniques; Antibiotic prophylaxis and prevention of infective endocarditis; Conclusion and future directions; Section 37. Heart failure; Section editor:: John McMurray; Epidemiology of Heart Failure; Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease:: HFrEF; Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease:: HFpEF; Definitions:: quality of life, health, and health-related quality of life; Chronic heart failure diagnosis:: symptoms, signs, and the ECG; Chronic heart failure diagnosis:: HFpEF; Chronic heart failure diagnosis:: echocardiography; Chronic heart failure diagnosis:: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; Chronic heart failure diagnosis - Biomarkers; Chronic heart failure diagnosis - Genetics; Estimating prognosis - Prognostic scores; Estimating prognosis - Biomarkers; Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Atrial fibrillation; Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF):: diabetes mellitus; Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF):: hypertension; Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Renal dysfunction; Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Anaemia/iron deficiency; Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF):: obesity, cachexia, sarcopenia, and the impact of nutrition; Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) a Lung disease; Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Sleep disordered breathing; Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Cancer; Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF):: valvular heart disease; HFrEF pharmacological treatment:: diuretics; HFrEF pharmacological treatment:: ACEIs and/or ARBs; HFrEF pharmacological treatment:: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors; HFrEF pharmacological treatment:: beta blockers; HFrEF pharmacological treatment - Ivabradine; HFrEF pharmacological treatment:: digitalis glycosides; HFrEF pharmacological treatment - Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate; HFrEF other treatment:: indications and results of implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy; HFrEF other treatment - Revascularization; HFrEF other treatment:: ventricular assist devices; Advanced Heart Failure other treatment - Transplantation; HFrEF other treatment:: nurse-led heart failure management programmes; HFpEF treatment - Pharmacological therapy; Patient monitoring in heart failure; Exercise rehabilitation in heart failure; Palliative care in heart failure; Acute heart failure - Diagnosis; Acute heart failure - Immediate management/stabilization; Acute heart failure - Treatment; Section 38. Bradycardia; Section editor:: Giuseppe Boriani; Introduction; Aetiology and epidemiology of bradyarrhythmias; Classification of bradyarrhythmias; Methods and tools for the diagnosis of intermittent and persistent bradycardia; Anatomy and physiology of the sinus node; The sinus node:: normal and abnormal chronotropic response and drug effects; Sinus node disease:: pathophysiology and natural history; Sinus node disease:: ECG patterns and diagnosis; Sinus node disease:: the role of electrophysiological testing; Atrial tachyarrhythmias in bradycardiaatachycardia syndrome:: characterization and evolution; Anatomy and physiology of the atrioventricular node; Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and atrioventricular blocks:: ECG patterns and diagnosis; Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and atrioventricular blocks:: role of electrophysiology testing; Congenital atrioventricular blocks:: clinical presentation, clinical evaluation, and management; Carotid sinus syndrome:: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management; Bradycardia in athletes:: clinical evaluation and management; Cardiac pacing:: basic concepts; Temporary pacing; Permanent cardiac pacing in bradyarrhythmias:: device coding; Pacing for bradycardia:: device features and algorithms and clinical impact; Electrocardiographic patterns of cardiac pacemakers:: normal and abnormal findings; Follow-up of pacemaker patients with bradyarrhythmias:: scope of follow-up and organizational issues; Pacemakers in children and adolescents; Lead management; Electromagnetic interference in pacemaker patients; Pacemaker syndrome; Section 39. Syncope; Section editor:: Michele Brignole; Definition, epidemiology, classification, and pathophysiology; Diagnostic evaluation; Reflex syncope; Cardiac syncope; Orthostatic intolerance:: orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; Unexplained syncope in patients with high risk of sudden cardiac death; Recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2018); Section 40. Supraventricular tachycardias; Section editor:: Carina Blomstorm-Lundqvist; Introduction; Epidemiology of supraventricular tachycardias; Atrial premature beats; Definitions, clinical presentation, symptoms, quality of life, and patient preferences; Differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardias; Acute management of supraventricular tachycardias with and without established diagnosis (termination and/or rate regulation of tachycardia); Management of rapid heartbeats/tachycardias with rhythm or rate control in the absence of ECG-verified diagnosis; Management of specific supraventricular tachycardias; Sinus node-related tachycardias:: physiological sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, sinus node reentrant tachycardia, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; Atrial tachycardias:: focal and multifocal atrial tachycardias; Atrial tachycardias:: macroreentrant atrial tachycardias, CTI-dependent atrial flutter (clockwise, anticlockwise), and non-CTI-dependent macroreentrant atrial tachycardia; Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia; Accessory pathways-related tachycardias:: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias; Concealed accessory pathways and related tachycardias; Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia; Pre-excitation related to Mahaim physiology; Asymptomatic pre-excitation; Non-reentrant junctional tachycardias; Health economy; Section 41. Atrial fibrillation; Section editor:: John Camm; Introduction; Epidemiology; Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation:: electrophysiological basis; Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation:: genetics; Mechanisms of atrial remodelling; Types of atrial fibrillation; Silent atrial fibrillation; Atrial fibrillation progression and prevention; Clinical investigation of patients presenting with atrial fibrillation; Management of acute presentation with atrial fibrillation rate control; Restoration of sinus rhythm:: direct current cardioversion; Pharmacological cardioversion for atrial fibrillation; Rate control:: medical therapy; Rate control:: ablation and device therapy (ablate and pace); Rhythm control:: antiarrhythmic drugs; Development of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation and ablation strategies; Rhythm control:: surgical ablation; Rate versus rhythm control therapy for atrial fibrillation; Follow-up of patients with atrial fibrillation; Stroke risk factors and risk stratification in atrial fibrillation; Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation; Bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation; Thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation:: device therapy and surgical techniques; Classification and mechanisms of atrial flutter; Atrial flutter:: clinical presentation; Atrial flutter:: management; Atrial fibrillation and heart failure; Atrial fibrillation and athletes; Atrial fibrillation in the elderly; Atrial fibrillation after cardiopulmonary surgery; Atrial fibrillation and hypertension; Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism; Atrial fibrillation and obesity; Atrial fibrillation and sleep apnoea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease; Atrial fibrillation in pregnancy; Atrial fibrillation associated with adult congenital heart disease; Integrated care management in atrial fibrillation; Patient education; Section 42. Ventricular tachycardia; Section editor:: Brian Olshansky; Classification of ventricular tachycardias; Evaluation and acute management of wide QRS complex tachycardia; Classification and treatment of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with structural heart disease:: classification, assessment, and initial treatment; Bundle branch reentry tachycardia; Electrical storm; Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia:: the role of catheter ablation; Sustained and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and no associated heart disease (idiopathic ventricular tachycardia); Polymorphic ventricular tachycardias including torsade de pointes; Section 43. Sudden Cardiac Death; Section editor:: Gerhard Hindricks; Epidemiology and underlying substrates; Arrhythmic mechanisms of sudden cardiac death:: bradycardia and tachycardia; Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in the general population; Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy; Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in dilated cardiomyopathy; Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders; New techniques for risk assessment in sudden cardiac death; Prevention of sudden cardiac death in the general population; Prevention of sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy; Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy; Primary prevention of sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; Secondary prevention of sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia; Prevention of sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders; The implantable cardioverter defibrillator, conclusions on sudden cardiac death, and future perspective; Section 44. Systemic hypertension; Section editor:: Bryan Williams; Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Hypertension; Blood pressure measurement in hypertension:: definition and classification of blood pressure levels; Target organ damage, cardiovascular disease risk, and clinical evaluation of the hypertensive patient; Secondary causes of hypertension; Blood pressure Thresholds for treatment and blood pressure treatment targets in hypertension; Sodium and potassium intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular prevention; Drug treatment of hypertension; Device based treatment for hypertension; Hypertension in Specific conditions / comorbidities; Hypertension in Special situations; Part 4 Vascular disease; Section 45. Pulmonary Hypertension; Section editor:: Marc Humbert; Introduction; Pulmonary hypertension:: definition; Pulmonary hypertension:: epidemiology; Pathophysiologic Mechanisms in Pulmonary Hypertension; Pulmonary hypertension genes as major diagnostic tools; Mechanisms of right ventricular failure; Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary Hypertension; Life-threatening complications of pulmonary hypertension; Pulmonary hypertension:: clinical classification; Echocardiographic findings in pulmonary hypertension; Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension; Diagnosis and clinical Investigation of patients presenting with pulmonary hypertension; Management of pulmonary hypertension - Basic treatment; Management of pulmonary hypertension:: targeted therapies; Management of pulmonary hypertension - Treatment algorithm; Lung transplantation in pulmonary arterial hypertension; Idiopathic pulmonary arterial Hypertension; Heritable pulmonary arterial Hypertension; Pulmonary arterial Hypertension induced by drugs and toxins; Pulmonary arterial Hypertension associated with connective tissue disease; Portopulmonary Hypertension; Pulmonary arterial Hypertension associated with congenital heart diseases; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension associated with HIV infection; Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary haemangiomatois; Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases; Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic lung diseases; Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; Group 5 pulmonary hypertension due to multiple and/or unclear mechanisms; Referral centres and patient education; Genetic counselling in pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension; Risk assessment and treatment goals in patients presenting with pulmonary arterial hypertension; Conclusion; Section 46. Diseases of the aorta; Section editor:: Raimund Erbel; Introduction; The normal aorta; Aortic aneurysm - Thoracic aortic aneurysm - Diagnostic approach; Aortic aneurysm - Thoracic aortic aneurysm - Therapeutic options; Aortic aneurysm - Aortic arch aneurysms; Aortic aneurysm - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Diagnostic Approach; Aortic aneurysm - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Therapeutic options; Aortic sclerosis - Clinical signs and diagnosis; Aortic sclerosis - Therapy; Acute aortic syndrome - Diagnostic strategy and clinical features; Acute aortic syndrome:: emerging role of biomarkers; Acute aortic syndrome - Aortic dissection - Ascending aortic dissection; Acute aortic syndrome - Aortic dissection - Descending aortic dissection; Acute aortic syndrome - Intramural Haematoma; Penetrating aortic ulcer; Acute aortic syndrome - Traumatic aortic injury; Acute aortic syndrome - latrogenic aortic trauma; Genetic diseases of the aorta - Chromosomal and inherited diseases; Genetic diseases of the aorta:: aortic diseases related to Marfan syndrome and other genetic abnormalities; Genetic diseases of the aorta - Aortic diseases associated with bicuspid aortic valves; Aortitis - infectious and non-infectious diseases; Aortic tumor; Long-term follow-up in patients with aortic diseases; Aortic centres; Section 47. Trauma to the cardiovascular system; Section editor:: Christoph Nienaber; Trauma to the cardiovascular system; Section 48. Non-cardiac surgery; Section editor:: Steen Kristensen; Introduction and epidemiology; Preoperative evaluation:: surgical risk for cardiac events and functional capacity risk indices; Preoperative evaluation - Biomarkers; Preoperative evaluation - Non Invasive testing; Preoperative evaluation - Angiography; Risk reduction strategies:: perioperative management of cardiovascular medication; Risk reduction strategies:: perioperative management in patients on antithrombotic therapy; Risk reduction strategies:: coronary revascularization before non-cardiac surgery; Specific diseases:: chronic heart failure/hypertension; Specific diseases:: valvular heart disease; Specific diseases:: arrhythmias; Specific diseases:: renal disease; Specific diseases:: stroke; Specific diseases:: pulmonary diseases; Perioperative monitoring:: transoesophageal echocardiography; Perioperative Monitoring - Right Heart catherization; Perioperative monitoring:: glycaemic control; Perioperative monitoring:: anaesthesiology; Conclusions and recommendations; Section 49. Peripheral arterial diseases; Section editor:: Victor Aboyans; Introduction; Epidemiology and risk factors; General aspects; Antithrombotic drugs in peripheral arterial diseases; Extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease; Upper extremity artery disease; Mesenteric artery disease; Renal artery disease; Lower extremity artery disease; Multisite artery disease; Cardiac conditions in peripheral arterial diseases; Gaps in evidence; Section 50. Venous thromboembolism; Section editor:: Stavros Konstantinides; Introduction; Epidemiology and socioeconomic consequences of venous thromboembolism; Predisposing factors for first and recurrent venous thrombosis; Pathophysiology of acute pulmonary embolism; Diagnosis - clinical prediction rules and laboratory tests; Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and evolving imaging modalities; Prognostic assessment; Treatment - haemodynamic and respiratory support; Treatment - anticoagulation; Treatment - thrombolysis; Treatment:: catheter-based intervention and inferior vena cava filters; Management of pulmonary embolism in pregnancy; Management of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer; Risk of recurrence and optimal duration of anticoagulation; Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; Section 51. Venous disease; Section editor:: Sebastien Schellong; Epidemiology and classification of venous disease; Imaging for venous thrombosis; Venous recanalisation; Varicose veins; Chronic venous insufficiency and post-thrombotic syndrome; PART 5. Specific Populations - gender and race; Section 52. Cardiovascular disease in women; Section editor:: Noel Bairey Merz; Background; Sex and gender differences overview; Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors; Non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors unique to or predominant in women; Cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines; Ischaemic heart disease in women; Heart failure in women; Valvular heart disease; Cardiac rehabilitation; Peripheral arterial disease in women; Future directions; Section 53. Pregnancy and heart disease; Section editor:: Vera Regitz-Zagrosek; General considerations; Pregnancy risk assessment; Gynaecological, obstetric, and neonatological aspects; Congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension; Aortic diseases; Valvular heart disease; Ischaemic heart disease in pregnancy; Arrhythmias in pregnancy; Cardiomyopathies and heart failure; Hypertensive disorders; Venous thromboembolism in the peripartum period; Drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding; Section 54. Ethnicity; Section editor:: Gregory H. Y. Lip; Global perspectives of hypertension and cardiovascular disease; Ethnicity and cardiovascular risk factors; Ethnicity and coronary artery disease; Ethnicity and hypertension; Ethnicity and cardiac arrhythmias; Ethnicity and heart failure; Ethnicity and inherited cardiac disease; Ethnic differences in responses to cardiovascular drugs; PART 6. Other aspects; Section 55. Sports and heart disease; Section editor:: Antonio Pelliccia; Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and sport (according to type of sport, gender, and ethnicity); Clinical assessment of the athleteas heart:: normal and abnormal ECGs in athletes; Imaging testing for differential diagnosis of the athletes heart from structural cardiac diseases; Sudden cardiac death in athletes:: implications for pre-participation evaluation and safety in sport arenas; Exercise and sport in the management of cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension); Section 56. Elderly; Section editor:: Franz Messerli and Tomasz Grodzicki; Multimorbidity and polypharmacy in the elderly with cardiovascular diseases; Palliative and end-of-life care in elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease; Dementia and cardiovascular diseases; Frailty, sarcopenia, and falls in cardiovascular disease; Socioeconomic issues and cardiovascular disease (with emphasis on the caregivers); Comprehensive geriatric assessment in cardiovascular disease; Degenerative cardiovascular disease in elderly; Lessons from European Society of Cardiology Guidelines; Arterial stiffness:: from isolated systolic hypertension to syncope; Arterial stiffness:: from isolated systolic hypertension to syncope; Interventions in the elderly:: special considerations; Section 57. Precision medicine; Section editor:: Paulus Kirchhof; Personalized medicine:: an introduction; Personalized management of coronary artery disease; Disease mechanisms guiding therapy; Personalised management of atrial fibrillation; Individualized valve therapy; Genetically-modified animals as tools to personalize the study of arrhythmia mechanisms and treatment; Opportunities for personalized approaches in heart failure; Personalized Therapies for Cardiac Channelopathies; Section 58. Decision-making and Heart Team; Section editor:: Patrick Serruys; The Heart Team:: introduction; Heart Teams in coronary artery disease; Decision-making and Heart Teams in valvular heart disease:: the transcatheter aortic valve implantation team model; Heart Teams in atrial fibrillation; Heart Teams in grown-up congenital heart disease; The Heart Team:: conclusions and future perspectives; Section 59. Psychological factors and heart disease; Sectione editor:: Susanne Pedersen; Introduction; Psychological factors and incident heart disease; Psychological impact of heart disease; Impact of psychological factors on outcomes; Mechanisms:: psychological factors and outcomes; The wider psychosocial context; Interventions:: what works for whom?; Clinical implications and future perspectives; Conclusions; Likely developments over the next 5-10 years; Personal perspective; Section 60. Interpretation of clinical trials; Section editor:: John Cleland; Trial Design from a Clinical Perspective; Clinical Trial Design:: Statistical Issues; Reporting Cardiovascular Clinical Trials; Principles and methods of intervention research; Interpretation; Meta-analysis; Section 61. Environment; Section editor:: Thomas Münzel; Summary; Introduction; Pathophysiology of noise-induced cardiovascular diseases; Pathophysiology of air pollution-mediated cardiovascular events; Epidemiology of traffic noise and cardiometabolic disease; Epidemiology of air pollution and cardiometabolic diseases; Strategies to mitigate cardiovascular effects of noise and air pollution; Future perspectives; Conclusions; Development and challenges over the next decade; Section 62. Occupational and regulatory aspects; Section editor:: Demosthenes Katritsis; Occupational risk factors for heart disease; Regulations concerning individual risk and public safety; Section 63. Economics and cost-effectiveness; Section editor:: Lorenzo Mantovani; Introduction to health economics and cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular prevention; Health and economic impact of non-adherence to preventative cardiovascular medicines; Economics of new therapies in electrophysiology; Medical economics and interventional cardiology; Economics of new therapies for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and hypercholesterolaemia; PART 7. Appendices; Cardiovascular disease risk estimation; Patient reported outcome measures;
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