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Before We Are Born

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Before We Are Born

Before We Are Born

Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects

9780323313377
256,99 zł
205,58 zł Zniżka 51,41 zł Brutto
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Opis

As the study of embryology continues to be integrated with a range of disciplines, Before We Are Born remains the ideal solution for students who need to quickly learn the basics. Fully updated by the worlds foremost embryologists, this medical reference book provides concise guidance on human embryology at every stage of development, utilizing rich illustrations and photographs designed to further explain content.

Szczegóły produktu
Saunders
55763
9780323313377
9780323313377

Opis

Rok wydania
2015
Numer wydania
9
Oprawa
miękka foliowana
Liczba stron
384
Wymiary (mm)
216 x 276
Waga (g)
1040
  • 1 - Introduction to Human Development

    Importance of and Advances in Embryology

    Descriptive Terms

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    2 - Human Reproduction

    Reproductive Organs

    Female Reproductive Organs

    Male Reproductive Organs

    Gametogenesis

    Meiosis

    Spermatogenesis

    Oogenesis

    Comparison of Male and Female Gametes

    Female Reproductive Cycles

    Ovarian Cycle

    Menstrual Cycle

    Transportation of Gametes

    Oocyte Transport

    Sperm Transport

    Maturation of Sperms

    Viability of Oocytes and Sperms

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    3 - First Week of Human Development

    Fertilization

    Phases of Fertilization

    Results of Fertilization

    Cleavage of Zygote

    Formation of Blastocyst

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    4 - Second Week of Human Development

    Formation of Amniotic Cavity, Embryonic Disc, and Umbilical Vesicle

    Development of Chorionic Sac

    Implantation Sites of Blastocytes

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    5 - Third Week of Human Development

    Gastrulation: Formation of Germ Layers

    Primitive Streak

    Notochordal Process and Notochord

    Neurulation: Formation of the Neural Tube

    Neural Plate and Neural Tube

    Neural Crest Formation

    Development of Somites

    Development of Intraembryonic Coelom

    Early Development of Cardiovascular System

    Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis

    Development of Chorionic Villi

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    6 - Fourth to Eighth Weeks of Human Development

    Folding of Embryo

    Head and Tail Folds

    Lateral Folds

    Germ Layer Derivatives

    Control of Embryonic Development

    Estimation of Embryonic Age

    Highlights of the Fourth to Eighth Weeks

    Fourth Week

    Fifth Week

    Sixth Week

    Seventh Week

    Eighth Week

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    7 - Fetal Period: The Ninth Week to Birth

    Highlights of Fetal Period

    Nine to Twelve Weeks

    Thirteen to Sixteen Weeks

    Seventeen to Twenty Weeks

    Twenty-One to Twenty-Five Weeks

    Twenty-Six to Twenty-Nine Weeks

    Thirty to Thirty-Eight Weeks

    Expected Date of Delivery

    Factors Influencing Fetal Growth

    Procedures for Assessing Fetal Status

    Ultrasonography

    Diagnostic Amniocentesis

    Chorionic Villus Sampling

    Cell Cultures

    Percutaneous Umbilical Cord Blood Sampling

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    Fetal Monitoring

    Alpha-Fetoprotein Assay

    Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis

    Neonatal Period

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    8 - Placenta and Fetal Membranes

    Placenta

    Decidua

    Development of Placenta

    Fetomaternal Junction

    Intervillous Space

    Amniochorionic Membrane

    Placental Circulation

    Parturition

    Stages of Labor

    Placenta and Fetal membranes after Birth

    Umbilical Cord

    Amnion and Amniotic Fluid

    Significance of Amniotic Fluid

    Umbilical Vesicle

    Significance of Umbilical Vesicle

    Allantois

    Multiple Pregnancies

    Twins and Fetal Membranes

    Other Types of Multiple Births

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    9 - Body Cavities, Mesenteries, and Diaphragm

    Embryonic Body Cavity

    Mesenteries

    Division of Embryonic Body Cavity

    Development of Diaphragm

    Septum Transversum

    Pleuroperitoneal Membranes

    Dorsal Mesentery of Esophagus

    Muscular Ingrowth from Lateral Body Walls

    Positional Changes and Innervation of the Diaphragm

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    10 - Pharyngeal Apparatus, Face, and Neck

    Pharyngeal Arches

    Pharyngeal Arch Components

    Pharyngeal Pouches

    Derivatives of Pharyngeal Pouches

    Pharyngeal Grooves

    Pharyngeal Membranes

    Development of Thyroid Gland

    Development of Tongue

    Lingual Papillae and Taste Buds

    Nerve Supply of Tongue

    Development of Salivary Glands

    Development of Face

    Development of Nasal Cavities

    Paranasal Sinuses

    Development of Palate

    Primary Palate

    Secondary Palate

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    11 - Respiratory System

    Development of Larynx

    Development of Trachea

    Development of Bronchi and Lungs

    Maturation of Lungs

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    12 - Alimentary System

    Foregut

    Development of Esophagus

    Development of Stomach

    Development of Duodenum

    Development of Liver and Biliary Apparatus

    Development of Pancreas

    Development of Spleen

    Midgut

    Rotation of Midgut Loop

    Cecum and Appendix

    Hindgut

    Cloaca

    Anal Canal

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    13 - Urogenital System

    Development of Urinary System

    Development of Kidneys and Ureters

    Positional Changes of Kidneys

    Changes in Blood Supply of Kidneys

    Development of Urinary Bladder

    Development of Urethra

    Development of Suprarenal Glands

    Development of Genital System

    Development of Gonads

    Development of Genital Ducts

    Development of External Genitalia

    Development of Inguinal Canals

    Relocation of Testes and Ovaries

    Descent of Testes

    Descent of Ovaries

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    14 - Cardiovascular System

    Early Development of Heart and Blood Vessels

    Development of Veins Associated with Embryonic Heart

    Pharyngeal Arch Arteries and Other Branches of the Dorsal Aorta

    Fate of Vitelline and Umbilical Arteries

    Later Development of Heart

    Circulation through Primordial Heart

    Partitioning of Primordial Heart

    Changes in Sinus Venosus

    Primordial Pulmonary Vein and Formation of Left Atrium

    Partitioning of Primordial Ventricle

    Partitioning of Bulbus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus

    Development of Cardiac Valves

    Conducting System of Heart

    Birth Defects of Heart and Great Vessels

    Derivatives of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries

    Derivatives of First Pair of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries

    Derivatives of Second Pair of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries

    Derivatives of Third Pair of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries

    Derivatives of Fourth Pair of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries

    Fate of Fifth Pair of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries

    Derivatives of Sixth Pair of Pharyngeal Arch Arteries

    Pharyngeal Arch Arterial Birth Defects

    Fetal and Neonatal Circulation

    Fetal Circulation

    Transitional Neonatal Circulation

    Derivatives of Fetal Vessels and Structures

    Development of the Lymphatic System

    Development of Lymph Nodes

    Development of Spleen and Tonsils

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    15 - Musculoskeletal System

    Skeletal System

    Development of Cartilage and Bone

    Histogenesis of Cartilage

    Histogenesis of Bone

    Development of Joints

    Fibrous Joints

    Cartilaginous Joints

    Synovial Joints

    Development of Axial Skeleton

    Development of Vertebral Column

    Cartilaginous Stage of Vertebral Development

    Bony Stage of Vertebral Development

    Development of Ribs

    Development of Sternum

    Development of Cranium

    Development of Appendicular Skeleton

    Muscular System

    Development of Skeletal Muscle

    Development of Smooth Muscle

    Development of Cardiac Muscle

    Development of Limbs

    Early Stages of Limb Development

    Final Stages of Limb Development

    Cutaneous Innervation of Limbs

    Blood Supply of Limbs

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    16 - Nervous System

    Development of Nervous System

    Development of Spinal Cord

    Development of Spinal Ganglia

    Development of Spinal Meninges

    Positional Changes of Spinal Cord

    Myelination of Nerve Fibers

    Birth Defects of Spinal Cord

    Development of Brain

    Brain Flexures

    Hindbrain

    Myelencephalon

    Metencephalon

    Choroid Plexuses and Cerebrospinal Fluid

    Midbrain

    Forebrain

    Congenital Anomalies of Brain

    Development of Peripheral Nervous System

    Spinal Nerves

    Cranial Nerves

    Development of Autonomic Nervous System

    Sympathetic Nervous System

    Parasympathetic Nervous System

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    17 - Development of Eyes and Ears

    Development of Eyes and Related Structures

    Development of Retina

    Development of Choroid and Sclera

    Development of Ciliary Body

    Development of Iris

    Development of Lens

    Development of Aqueous Chambers

    Development of Cornea

    Development of Eyelids

    Development of Lacrimal Glands

    Development of Ears

    Development of Internal Ears

    Development of Middle Ears

    Development of External Ears

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    18 - Integumentary System

    Development of Skin and Appendages

    Epidermis

    Dermis

    Development of Glands

    Development of Hairs

    Development of Nails

    Development of Mammary Glands

    Development of Teeth

    Bud Stage of Tooth Development

    Cap Stage of Tooth Development

    Bell Stage of Tooth Development

    Tooth Eruption

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    19 - Human Birth Defects

    Teratology: Study of Abnormal Development

    Birth Defects Caused by Genetic Factors

    Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities

    Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities

    Birth Defects Caused by Mutant Genes

    Birth Defects Caused by Environmental Factors

    Principles of Teratogenesis

    Human Teratogens

    Environmental Chemicals as Teratogens

    Infectious Agents as Teratogens

    Radiation as a Teratogen

    Maternal Factors as Teratogens

    Mechanical Factors as Teratogens

    Birth Defects Caused by Multifactorial Inheritance

    Clinically Oriented Questions

    20 - The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Development

    Intercellular Communication

    Gap Junctions

    Cell Adhesion Molecules

    Morphogens

    Retinoic Acid

    Transforming Growth Factor-ß/Bone Morphogenetic Protein

    Sonic Hedgehog

    Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway

    Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

    Common Features

    Regulation of Angiogenesis by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

    Notch-Delta Pathway

    Transcription Factors

    Hox/Homeobox Proteins

    Pax Genes

    Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

    Epigenetics

    DNA Methylation

    Histone Modifications

    Stem Cells: Differentiation versus Pluripotency

    Summary of Common Signaling Pathways Used during Development

    Bibliography and Suggested Reading

    Answers to Clinically Oriented Questions

    Index

Zobacz nowsze wydanie:

Before We Are Born
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