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Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram in Small Animals

Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram in Small Animals

9781119763055
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Opis
Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram in Small Animals

Explore this easy-to-follow clinical manual on how to interpret electrocardiograms in canine and feline patients

Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram in Small Animals delivers a simplified and accessible approach to electrocardiography interpretation for veterinarians treating dogs and cats. This practical manual covers a comprehensive list of arrhythmias and associated phenomena using an easy-to-follow format, with hundreds of electrocardiograms and ladder diagrams supporting the text.

The book focuses on the clinical applications of electrocardiographic interpretation, with less emphasis on physics and subcellular mechanisms, making the book a useful patient-side resource. Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram in Small Animals offers readers an up-to-date understanding and knowledge of common and rare phenomena alike.

Beginning with a description of the single cardiac cycle as illustrated by surface EKG, the book moves on to describe variations on the P-QRS-T complex that occur in response to chamber enlargement and hypertrophy. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of::

  • A detailed discussion of aberrancy and its differentiation from ventricular ectopy
  • A thorough exploration of arrhythmias and conduction disorders including escape mechanisms, atrioventricular block, extrasystoles, accelerated rhythms, tachycardias, flutter and fibrillation
  • An examination of pacemaker basics, as well as a few common abnormalities and pacemaker problems, including undersensing, oversensing, and failure to capture

Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram in Small Animals is a convenient, one-stop reference for the interpretation of electrocardiography in small animals for veterinary students, residents, and specialists as well as for small animal general practitioners.

Szczegóły produktu
Wiley-Blackwell
101420
9781119763055

Opis

Rok wydania
2021
Numer wydania
1
Oprawa
twarda
Liczba stron
400
Wymiary (mm)
220.00 x 280.00

  • Main Introduction

    Part I: The P-QRS-T: Introduction

    Chapter 1 The P-QRS-T: The Basics

    Chapter 2 The P-QRS-T: Some Abnormalities

    Chapter 3 The P-QRS-T: Trouble

    Part II: Aberrancy: Introduction

    Chapter 4 Atrial Aberrancy

    Chapter 5 Right Bundle Branch Block

    1) Left Bundle Branch Block

    2) Fascicular Blocks

    3) Wide Complex Supraventricular Tachycardia and Interventricular Conduction Disturbances

    Part III: Arrhythmias: Introduction

    Sinoatrial Arrhythmias: Introduction

    4) Sinoatrial Bradyarrhythmias

    5) Sinoatrial Block

    6) Sick Sinus Syndrome

    7) Sinoatrial Tachyarrhyhmias

     Atrial Arrhythmias: Introduction

    8) Atrial Bradyarrhythmias

    9) Atrial Extrasystoles

    10) Atrial Tachycardia

    11) Bypass-Tract Mediated Supraventricular Tachycardia

    12) Atrial Flutter

    13) Atrial Fibrillation

     Junctional Arrhythmias: Introduction

    14) Junctional Bradyarrhythmias

    15) Atrioventricular Block

    16) Junctional Extrasystoles

    17) Junctional Tachycardia

     Ventricular Arrhythmias: Introduction

    18) Ventricular Bradyarrhythmias

    19) Ventricular Extrasystoles

    20) Ventricular Tachycardia, Flutter and Fibrillation

    Part IV: Pacemakers: Introduction

    21) Pacemakers: The Basics

    22) Pacemakers: Some Abnormalities

    23) Pacemakers: Trouble

    Individual Chapter Subsections:

    Chapter 1 The P-QRS-T: The Basics

    Leads

    Waveforms/intervals

    Amplitudes

    Paper speeds

    Mean electrical axis

    False poling

    Situs Inversus

    Chapter 2 The P-QRS-T: Some Abnormalities

    P pulmonale/right atrial abnormality

    P pseudo-pulmonale

    P mitrale/left atrial abnormality

    Interratrial conduction defect

    P pseudo-mitrale

    P biatriale/biatrial abnormality

    P pseudo-biatriale

    Right ventricular hypertrophy/right axis deviation

    Left ventricular hypertrophy/left axis deviation

    Biventricular hypertrophy

    Horizontal axis

    Vertical axis

    Indeterminant axis

    Early repolarization

    Chapter 3 The P-QRS-T: Trouble

    P-R segment changes

    Q-T segment changes

    The prolonged QRS

    Hyperkalemia

    Hypokalemia

    Other changes

    calcium

    magnesium

    Q-Ti prolongation

    hypothermia

    Digoxin effects

    Cushing’s response

    S-T segment elevation/depression

    myocardial infarction/ischemic changes

    Low-voltage QRS

    Electrical alternans

    Pericarditis

    Chapter 4 Atrial Aberrancy

    Interatrial/Intra-atrial block

    Chung’s phenomenon

    Atrial ectopy

    Chapter 5 Right Bundle Branch Block

    Incomplete right bundle branch block

    Ashman’s phenomenon/2nd-in-a-row anomaly

    Rate-dependent and intermittent right bundle branch block

    Complete right bundle branch block

    Chapter 6 Left Bundle Branch Block

    Incomplete left bundle branch block

    Rate-dependent and intermittent left bundle branch block

    Complete left bundle branch block

    Chapter 7 Fascicular Blocks

    Left anterior fascicular block

    Left medial fascicular block

    Left posterior fascicular block

    Bilateral bundle branch block

    Bifascicular block

    Masquerading bundle branch block

    Trifascicular block

    Arborization block

    Chapter 8 Wide Complex Supraventricular Tachycardia and Interventricular Conduction Disturbances

    Wide complex supraventricular tachycardia

    Interventricular conduction disturbances

    Chapter 9 Sinoatrial Bradyarrhythmias

    Sinus bradycardia

    Sinus arrhythmia

    Non-phasic sinus arrhythmia

    Phasic sinus arrhythmia

    Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

    Wandering pacemaker

    Non-respiratory phasic sinus arrhythmia

    Ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia

    Sinus bigeminy

    Sinoatrial escape-capture bigeminy

    Sinus pause

    Sinus arrest

    Asystole

    Chapter 10 Sinoatrial Block

    Type I 2nd degree sinoatrial block

    Type II 2nd degree sinoatrial block

    Chapter 11 Sick Sinus Syndrome

    Overdrive suppression

    Sinus nodal dysfunction

    Bradycardia variant

    Tachycardia-bradycardia variant

    Chapter 12 Sinoatrial Tachyarrhythmias

    Sinoatrial extrasystoles

    Reciprocation

    Parasystole

    Sinus tachycardia

    Sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia

    Chapter 13 Atrial Bradyarrhythmias

    Atrial escape beats

    Atrial escape-capture bigeminy

    Atrial escape rhythm

    Atrial standstill

    Hyperkalemia

    Sinoventricular rhythm

    Atrial muscular dystrophy

    Chapter 14 Atrial Extrasystoles

    Atrial premature complexes

    Right atrial premature complexes

    Left atrial premature complexes

    Multifocal atrial premature complexes

    Resetting

    Resetting with a pause

    Interpolation

    Atrial bigeminy

    Atrial trigeminy

    Atrial premature complexes with aberrancy

    Supernormal excitation

    Non-conducted atrial premature complexes

    Atrial fusion

    Reciprocation

    Parasystole

    Chapter 15 Atrial Tachycardia

    Accelerated atrial rhythm

    Automatic atrial tachycardia

    Interratrial reentrant tachycardia

    Atrial dissociation

    Chapter 16 Bypass-Tract Mediated Supraventricular Tachycardia

    Ventricular pre-excitation and accessory pathways

    Ventricular fusion

    Atrial echo

    Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia

    Orthodromic

    Antidromic

    Chapter 17 Atrial Flutter

    Atrial flutter

    Type I atrial flutter

    typical

    reverse typical/atypical

    Type II atrial flutter (“true atypical”)

    Atrioventricular block

    Artifacts

    Chapter 18 Atrial fibrillation

    Atrial fibrillation

    Aberrancy

    Ashman’s phenomenon

    Ventricular ectopics

    Rule of bigeminy

    Atrioventricular dissociation

           Concealed conduction

    Chapter 19 Junctional Bradyarrhythmias

    Junctional escape beats

    Junctional escape-capture bigeminy

    Junctional escape rhythm

    Rule of reset

    Reciprocation

    Junctional dissociation (double junctional rhythms)

    Ventriculophasic junctional arrhythmia

    Chapter 20 Atrioventricular Block

    1st degree atrioventricular block (incomplete atrioventricular block with long P-Ri)

    2nd degree atrioventricular block (incomplete atrioventricular block)

    Type I 2nd degree atrioventricular block

    Low grade

    Typical Wenckebach periodicity

    Atypical Wenckebach periodicity

    2:1 Wenckebach

    High grade

    Type II 2nd degree atrioventricular block

    Low grade

    2:1 Mobitz

    High grade

    Block/acceleration dissociation

    Paroxysmal atrioventricular block

    3rd degree atrioventricular block (complete atrioventricular block)

    Junctional escape

    Ventricular escape

    Atrioventricular dissociation

    Ventriculoatrial block

    Exit block

    Chapter 21 Junctional Extrasystoles

    Junctional premature complexes

    Resetting

    Resetting with a pause

    Interpolation

    Junctional bigeminy

    Junctional trigeminy

    Junctional premature complexes with aberrancy

    Non-conducted junctional premature complexes

    Concealed conduction

    Atrial fusion

    Reciprocation

    Parasystole

    Chapter 22 Junctional Tachycardia

    Accelerated junctional rhythm

    Isorhythmic dissociation

    Accrochage

    Synchrony

    Automatic junctional tachycardia

    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

    Orthodromic

    Antidromic

    Chapter 23 Ventricular Bradyarrhythmias

    Ventricular escape beats

    Ventricular escape-capture bigeminy

    Ventricular escape rhythm

    Electromechanical dissociation

    Asystole

    Chapter 24 Ventricular Extrasystoles

    Ventricular premature complexes

    Right ventricular premature complexes

    Left ventricular premature complexes

    Compensatory pause

    Compensatory-like pause

    Interpolation

    Post-extrasystolic aberrancy

    Ventricular bigeminy

    The Rule of bigeminy

    Ventricular trigeminy

    Ventricular quadrigeminy and pentageminy

    Concealed conduction (“non-conducted ventricular premature complexes”)

    Concealed ventricular bigeminy

    Concealed ventricular trigeminy

    Ventricular fusion

    Ventriculoatrial conduction and reciprocation

    Atrial fusion

    Parasystole

    Chapter 25 Ventricular Tachycardia, Flutter and Fibrillation

    Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

    Atrioventricular dissociation

    Isorhythmic dissociation

    Accrochage

    Synchrony

    Ventriculoatrial association and accelerated ventricular rhythm

    Polymorphic and bidirectional accelerated idioventricular rhythm

    Ventricular tachycardia

    Left ventricular tachycardia

    Fascicular ventricular tachycardia

    Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia

    Right ventricular tachycardia

    Right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia

    Bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia

    Ventriculoatrial block

    Double tachycardia

    Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

    Torsades de pointes

    Ventricular flutter

    Ventricular fibrillo-flutter/ventricular dissociation

    Ventricular fibrillation

    Chapter 26 Pacemakers: The Basics

    Indications

    Unipolar vs. bipolar

    Modes

    Endocardial/transvenous vs. epicardial leads

    MEA of the paced QRS

    Chapter 27 Pacemakers: Some Abnormalities

    Concealed conduction

    VA conduction

    Paced fusion complexes

    Paced pseudofusion complexes

    Paced reciprocal complexes

    Chapter 28 Pacemakers: Trouble

    Undersensing

    Oversensing

    Failure to capture

    Battery depletion

    Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia

    Pacemaker syndrome

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