Clinical Atlas of Canine and Feline Ophthalmic Disease

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xi

Section 1. Anatomy and Physiology 1

Chapter 1. Normal Ocular Anatomy 2

Chapter 2. Orbit 4

Chapter 3. Eyelids 6

Chapter 4. Lacrimal System 8

Chapter 5. The Corneoscleral Tunic 10

Chapter 6. Lens 12

Chapter 7. Uvea 14

Chapter 8. Vitreo Retinal 16

Chapter 9. Neurophthalmology 18

Section 2. Normal Variations 21

Chapter 10. Normal Pigmentary Variations 22

Chapter 11. The Normal Canine Fundus 24

Chapter 12. The Normal Feline Fundus 26

Chapter 13. The Normal Subalbinotic Fundus 28

Chapter 14. Normal Myelin Variations 30

Section 3. Pharmacology 33

Chapter 15. Diagnostic Pharmacology 34

Chapter 16. Modes of Administration and Drug

Delivery 36

Chapter 17. Anesthesia and Sedation in

Ophthalmology 38

Chapter 18. Anti-Inflammatories

and the

Eye-Nsaids

40

Chapter 19. Anti-Inflammatories

and

the Eye-Steroids 42

Chapter 20. Immunotherapy, Biologics, and

Chemotherapy in Ophthalmology 44

Chapter 21. Treating Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca 46

Chapter 22. Glaucoma Therapy 48

Chapter 23. Appropriate Antibiotic Choice 50

Chapter 24. Antivirals for Feline Herpes Virus 52

Chapter 25. Antifungals in Veterinary

Ophthalmology 54

Section 4. The Ocular Examination 57

Chapter 26. The Ocular Examination 58

Section 5. Diseases of the Eyelids 61

Chapter 27. Eyelid Agenesis 62

Chapter 28. Eyelid Laceration 64

Chapter 29. Distichiasis 66

Chapter 30. Ectopic Cillia 68

Chapter 31. Trichiasis 70

Chapter 32. Tear Film Wicking Syndrome 72

Chapter 33. Entropion 74

Chapter 34. Ectropion 76

Chapter 35. Combined Entropion-Ectropion

78

Chapter 36. Macropalpebral Fissure 80

Chapter 37. Chalazion 82

Chapter 38. Juvenile Pyoderma 84

Chapter 39. Immune-Mediated

Blepharoconjunctivitis 86

Chapter 40. Autoimmune Blepharitis 88

Chapter 41. Eosinophillic Folliculitis/

Furunculosis 90

Chapter 42. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) 92

Chapter 43. Dermatomyositis 94

Chapter 44. Demodex-Associated

Blepharitis 96

Chapter 45. Dermatophytosis 98

Chapter 46. Apocrine Hidrocystoma 100

Chapter 47. Sebaceous Adenoma/Epithelioma 102

Chapter 48. Histiocytoma 104

Chapter 49. Melanocytoma 106

Chapter 50. Melanoma 108

Chapter 51. Cutaneous Epitheliotropic

Lymphoma (CEL) 110

Chapter 52. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 112

Chapter 53. Mast Cell Tumor (MCT) 114

Chapter 54. Fibrosarcoma 116

Section 6. Diseases of the Conjunctiva,

Nasolacrimal System and

Third Eyelid 119

Chapter 55. Allergic Conjuctivitis 120

Chapter 56. Dacryocystitis 122

Chapter 57. Symblepharon 124

Chapter 58. Herpesviral-Associated

Conjunctivitis 126

Chapter 59. Third Eyelid Gland Prolapse

(“Cherry Eye”) 128

Chapter 60. Keratoconjunctivitis

Sicca (“Dry Eye”) 130

Chapter 61. Scrolled Third Eyelid Cartilage 132

Chapter 62. Medial Canthal Pocket Syndrome 134

Chapter 63. Onchocerca 136

Chapter 64. Thelazia 138

Chapter 65. Papilloma 140

Chapter 66. Melanoma 142

Chapter 67. Hemangioma/Hemangiosarcoma 144

Chapter 68. Adenoma/Adenocarcinoma 146

Chapter 69. Conjunctival Lymphoma 148

Chapter 70. Squamous Cell Carcinoma 150

Section 7. Corneoscleral Disease 153

Chapter 71. Dermoid 154

Chapter 72. Corneal Dystrophy 156

Chapter 73. Anterior Segment

Dysgenesis (ASD) 158

Chapter 74. Corneal Degeneration 160

Chapter 75. Corneal Endothelial

Decompensation 162

Chapter 76. Scleritis 164

Chapter 77. Nodular Granulomatous

Episcleritis 166

Chapter 78. Chronic Superficial Keratitis

(CSK) 168

Chapter 79. Eosinophillic Keratoconjunctivitis 170

Chapter 80. Herpesviral-Associated

Keratitis 172

Chapter 81. Canine Multifocal Immune-Mediated

Punctate Keratitis 174

Chapter 82. Endotheliitis 176

Chapter 83. Bullous Keratopathy 178

Chapter 84. Feline Corneal Sequestrum 180

Chapter 85. Pigmentary Keratitis 182

Chapter 86. Corneal Hemorrhage 184

Chapter 87. Corneal Abscessation 186

Chapter 88. Corneoscleral Laceration 188

Chapter 89. Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial

Defects (SCCEDs) 190

Chapter 90. Stromal Ulcerative Keratitis 192

Chapter 91. Descemetocele 194

Chapter 92. Keratomalacia (“Melting Ulcer”) 196

Chapter 93. Corneal Foreign Body 198

Chapter 94. Corneal Perforation 200

Chapter 95. Epithelial Inclusion Cysts 202

Chapter 96. Fungal Keratitis 204

Chapter 97. Limbal Melanocytoma 206

Chapter 98. Corneoscleral Hemangioma/

Hemangiosarcoma 208

Chapter 99. Corneoscleral Lymphoma 210

Chapter 100. Squamous Cell Carcinoma 212

Section 8. Diseases of the Uvea 215

Chapter 101. Persistent Pupillary Membranes

(PPMs) 216

Chapter 102. Iris Colobomas 218

Chapter 103. Senile Iris Atrophy 220

Chapter 104. Uveal Cysts 222

Chapter 105. Merle Ocular Dysgenesis

(MOD) 224

Chapter 106. Feline Anterior Uveitis 226

Chapter 107. Canine Anterior Uvieitis 228

Chapter 108. Asymmetric Uveitis 230

Chapter 109. Golden Retriever Associated Uveitis

and Glaucoma 232

Chapter 110. Uveodermatologic Syndrome (UDS)

Associated Uveitis 234

Chapter 111. Vaccine-Associated

Uveitis 236

Chapter 112. Hyphema 238

Chapter 113. Aqueous Lipidosis 240

Chapter 114. Iris Bombé 242

Chapter 115. Feline Iris Melanosis (FIM) 244

Chapter 116. Uveal Melanoma 246

Chapter 117. Uveal Adenoma/Adenocarcinoma 248

Chapter 118. Uveal Lymphoma 250

Chapter 119. Spindeloid Tumors of Blue-Eyed

Dogs/Schwannoma 252

Chapter 120. Histiocytic Ocular Disease 254

Section 9. Diseases of the Lens 257

Chapter 121. Microphakia/Spherophkia 258

Chapter 122. Persistant Hyaloid

Vasculature (PHV) 260

Chapter 123. Nuclear Sclerosis 262

Chapter 124. Immature Cataract 264

Chapter 125. Mature Cataract 266

Chapter 126. Hypermature Cataract 268

Chapter 127. Phacolytic Uveitis 270

Chapter 128. Phacoclastic Uveitis 272

Chapter 129. Anterior Lens Luxation 274

Chapter 130. Posterior Lens Luxation 276

Chapter 131. Feline Post Traumatic Sarcoma 278

Section 10. Vitreoretinal Disease 281

Chapter 132. The Retinal Dysplasias (RDs) 282

Chapter 133. Oculoskeletal Dysplasia (OSD) 284

Chapter 134. Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) 286

Chapter 135. The Retinal Atrophies (RAs) 288

Chapter 136. Vitreal Degeneration/Herniation 292

Chapter 137. Retinal Toxicity 294

Chapter 138. SARDs/IMR 296

Chapter 139. Hypertensive Retinopathy 298

Chapter 140. Feline Chorioretinitis 300

Chapter 141. Canine Chorioretinitis 302

Chapter 142. Retinal Pigment Epithelial Dystophy

(RPED) 304

Chapter 143. Uveodermatologic Syndrome (UDS)

Associated Chorioretinitis 306

Chapter 144. Primary (Bullous) Retinal

Detachment 308

Chapter 145. Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

(RRD) 310

Chapter 146. Retinal/Choroidal Lymphoma 312

Chapter 147. Myeloma 314

Section 11. Diseases of the Globe

and Orbit 317

Chapter 148. Microphthalmia 318

Chapter 149. Phthisis Bulbus 320

Chapter 150. Orbital Cellulitis 322

Chapter 151. Extraocular Myositis (EOM) 324

Chapter 152. Zygomatic Sialoadenitis 326

Chapter 153. Orbital Fat Pad Prolapse 328

Chapter 154. Orbital Foreign Bodies 330

Chapter 155. Endophthalmitis/Panophthalmitis 332

Chapter 156. Proptosis of the Globe 334

Chapter 157. Feline Restrictive Orbital Myofibroblastic

Sarcoma (Froms) 336

Chapter 158. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

(PNST) 338

Chapter 159. Retrobulbar Neoplasia 340

Chapter 160. Orbital Myxoma/

Myxosarcoma 342

Chapter 161. Multilobular Tumor of Bone

(MTB) 344

Section 12. The Glaucomas 347

Chapter 162. Congenital Glaucoma 348

Chapter 163. Primary Glaucoma 350

Chapter 164. Secondary (Post-Inflammatory)

Glaucoma 352

Chapter 165. Feline Aqueous Humor Misdirection

Syndrome (AHMS) 354

Chapter 166. Pigmentary Glaucoma 356

Chapter 167. Golden Retriever Associated Uveitis

and Glaucoma 358

Chapter 168. Cystic Glaucoma 360

Chapter 169. Buphthalmos 362

Section 13. Neuro-Ophthalmic

Disease 365

Chapter 170. Optic Nerve Hypoplasia 366

Chapter 171. Lysosomal Storage Disease (LSD) 368

Chapter 172. Sympathetic Denervation (Horner’s

Syndrome) 370

Chapter 173. Ophthalmoplegia 372

Chapter 174. Neuroparalytic Keratitis/

Hemifacial Paralysis 374

Chapter 175. Neurogenic KCS and

Xeromycteria 376

Chapter 176. Optic Neuritis/Meningitis 378

Index 380