Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

SECTION 1 Introduction 1 History of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery 2 Applied Embryology of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 3 Thyroid Physiology and Thyroid Function Testing SECTION 2 Benign Thyroid Disease 4 Thyroiditis 5 Thyroglossal Duct Cysts and Ectopic Thyroid Tissue 6 Surgery of Cervical and Substernal Goiter 7 Approach to the Mediastinum: Transcervical, Transsternal, and Video-Assisted 8 Surgical Management of Hyperthyroidism 9 Reoperation for Benign Thyroid Disease

SECTION 3 Preoperative Evaluation 10 The Evaluation and Management of Thyroid Nodules 11 Fine-Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid Gland: The 2017 Bethesda System 12 Fine-Needle Aspiration and Molecular Analysis 13 Ultrasound of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 14 Preoperative Radiographic Mapping of Nodal Disease for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma 15 Laryngeal Examination in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery 16 Radiofrequency and Laser Ablation of Thyroid Nodules and Parathyroid Adenoma

SECTION 4 Thyroid Neoplasia 17 Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Incidence 18 Molecular Pathogenesis of Thyroid Neoplasia 19 Papillary Thyroid Cancer 20 Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma 21 Papillary Carcinoma Observation 22 Follicular Thyroid Cancer 23 Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) 24 Dynamic Risk Group Analysis and Staging for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 25 H?urthle Cell Tumors of the Thyroid 26 Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 27 Syndromic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: MEN 2A and MEN 2B 28 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer and Primary Thyroid Lymphoma 29 Pediatric Thyroid Cancer 30 Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer

SECTION 5 Thyroid and Neck Surgery 31 Principles in Thyroid Surgery 32 Robotic and Extracervical Approaches to the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 33 Transoral Thyroidectomy 34 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy 35 Surgical Anatomy and Monitoring of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve 36 Surgical Anatomy and Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve 37 Surgery for Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer: Larynx, Tracheal Invasion, and Esophageal 38 Central Neck Dissection: Indications and Technique 39 Lateral Neck Dissection: Indications and Technique 40 Incisions in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery 41 Surgical Pathology of the Thyroid Gland

SECTION 6 Postoperative Considerations 42 Pathophysiology of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury 43 Management of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis 44 Nonneural Complications of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery 45 Quality Assessment in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery 46 Ethics and Malpractice in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

SECTION 7 Postoperative Management 47 Postoperative Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 48 Postoperative Radioactive Iodine Ablation and Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 49 External Beam Radiotherapy for Thyroid Malignancy 50 Reoperative Thyroid Surgery 51 Nonsurgical Treatment of Thyroid Cysts, Nodules, Thyroid Cancer Nodal Metastases, and Hyperparathyroidism: The Role of Percutaneous Ethanol Injection 52 Medical Treatment Horizons for Metastatic Differentiated and Medullary Thyroid Cancer

SECTION 8 Parathyroid Surgery 53 Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Pathophysiology, Surgical Indications, and Preoperative Workup 54 Guide to Preoperative Parathyroid Localization Testing 55 Principles in Surgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism 56 Standard Bilateral Parathyroid Exploration 57 Minimally Invasive Single Gland Parathyroid Exploration 58 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Parathyroidectomy 59 Intraoperative PTH Monitoring During Parathyroid Surgery 60 Surgical Management of Multiglandular Parathyroid Disease 61 Surgical Management of Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism 62 Parathyroid Management in the MEN Syndromes 63 Revision Parathyroid Surgery 64 Parathyroid Carcinoma 65 Surgical Pathology of the Parathyroid Glands