The Pocket Atlas of Special Tests for the Lower Limb

Introduction

Part I. The Hip
Chapter 1. Leg Length Tests
Test for True Leg Length
Bone Length Measurement Tests
Visual Assessment of Femoral Shortening: Method 1
Visual Assessment of Femoral Shortening: Method 2
Visual Assessment of Tibial Shortening: Method 1
Visual Assessment of Tibial Shortening: Method 2
Visual Assessment of Tibial Shortening: Method 3
Test for Apparent (Functional) Shortening: Direct Method
Test for Apparent (Functional) Shortening: Indirect Method

Chapter 2. Hip Joint Tests
Log Roll Test
Torque Test
FAIR Test/FADIR Test
Scour Test
McCarthy Test
Anterior Labral Tear Test
Posterior Labral Tear Test
FABER Test/Patricks Test/Figure Four Test
Stinchfield Test

Chapter 3. Muscle Tests
Adduction Contraction Test
Adductor Squeeze Test
Phelps Test
Elys Test (or Duncan-Ely Test)
Thomas Test
Snapping Hip Test
90-90 Straight Leg Raising Test
Hamstring Contracture Test
Tripod Sign
Heel Height Difference Test
Ober Test
Piriformis Test: Passive
Piriformis Test: Active
Trochanter Irritation Sign (Bicycle) Test
Bridging as a Test of Strength
Tests for Asymmetry in the Length of Hip Rotators
Tests for Asymmetry in the Strength of Hip Rotators
Single Leg Standing Test/Static Standing Stork Test
Trendelenburg Test

Part II. The Knee
Chapter 4. Tests for Swelling
Brush, Stroke, Bulge or Swipe Test
Indentation Test
Fluctuation Test
Patellar Tap Test (Ballotable Patella/Dancing Patella Sign)

Chapter 5. Plica Tests
Active Extension and Flexion Tests
Mediopatellar Plica Test
Plica Stutter Test
Hughstons Plica Test

Chapter 6. Patellofemoral Tests
Passive Patellar Glide Test
Lateral/Quadriceps Pull Test
Fairbanks Apprehension Test
Patellofemoral Grind Test/Clarkes Sign
Active Patellar Grind Test
Step Up/Step Down Tests
McConnell Test
Vastus Medialis Coordination Test
Noble Compression Test

Chapter 7. Meniscus Tests
Bounce Home Test
Apleys Test
Steinmans Tests
Test for Retreating and Retracting Meniscus
McMurrays Test
Childresss Test
Eges Test
Thessaly Test
Modified Helfet Test

Chapter 8. One-Plane Instability Tests
Valgus Stress Test
Varus Stress Test
Anterior Drawer Test
Lachmans Test
The Lever Sign Test
Godfreys Test/Posterior Sag Sign/Gravity Drawer Test
Posterior Drawer Test
Reverse Lachman Test

Chapter 9. Multiple-Plane Instability Tests
Anteromedial Rotatory Instability
Slocum (AMRI) Test
Anterolateral Rotatory Instability
Slocum (ALRI) Test
Lateral Pivot Shift Test
Crossover Test of Arnold
Posteromedial Rotatory Instability
Posteromedial Drawer Test
Posteromedial Pivot-Shift Test
Posterolateral Rotatory Instability
Jakob Test (Reverse Pivot Shift Maneuver)
Dial Test
Active Posterolateral Drawer Sign
External Rotation Recurvatum Test

Part III. The Ankle, Foot and Toes
Chapter 10. Ligament Tests
Supine Anterior Drawer Test
Prone Anterior Drawer Test
Talar Tilt Test
Medial Collateral Ligament Stress Test
Test for Measuring Ankle Swelling: Tape Measure Method
Test for Measuring Ankle Swelling: Volume Displacement Method

Chapter 11. Ankle Syndesmosis Tests
Squeeze Test
Dorsiflexion-External Rotation Stress Test
Cotton Test
Heel-Thump Test
Cross-Legged Test

Chapter 12. Tests for Leg Muscles and Ankle Tendons
Thompsons Test
Fibularis Subluxation Test
Tibialis Anterior Strength Tests
Tibialis Anterior Stretch Test

Chapter 13. Nerve Tests
Web Space Tenderness Test
Mulders Sign
Extension-Flexion Test
Triple Compression Stress Test

References
Appendix