ICRP Publication 78 replaces the previous ICRP Publication 54 on individual monitoring programmes and the interpretation of results of measurements for intakes of radionuclides by workers. The updating was considered necessary because ICRP published new dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by workers in 1994 (ICRP Publication 68). Those new dose coefficients were based on the most recent general recommendations of the Commission (ICRP Publication 60). The present report uses this new information and takes account of the new principles for the radiological protection of workers provided inICRP Publication 75. Thus, the report uses the revised models and the new dose coefficients to give guidance on monitoring programmes and interpretation of results for selected radionuclides of importance in occupational exposure.
Limits, constraints, and investigation levels. Objectives of monitoring. Types of individual monitoring programme. Need for a individual dose assessment.
Models to Represent the Intake, Transfer, and Excretion of Material.
Respiratory Tract Model. Deposition. Clearance. Gases and vapours. Model for Gastrointestinal Tract. Biokinetic Models for Systemic Activity. Model for strontium, radium, and uranium. Model for thorium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium. Excretion Pathways.
Methods of Individual Monitoring.
In vivo measurements. Analysis of excreta and other biological materials. Air sampling. Quality assurance on measurements.
Monitoring Programme.
Need for monitoring programme. Routine monitoring. Special or task-related monitoring. Confirmatory monitoring. Wound monitoring. Monitoring after medical intervention.
Uncertainties on the Estimate of Intakes and Doses.
Data Given in the Annex.
Monitoring data for radionuclides. Quality assurance on the calculations.
Application of the Data.
Estimation of intake and dose. Addition of internal and external exposures. Secondary limits. Use of investigation levels. Mixtures of radionuclides.
References. Annex:: Monitoring Data for Individual Radionuclides. Erratum.
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