In this issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Steven P. Miller and Thiviya Selvanathan bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Promoting Brain Development in the Neonate. Promoting healthy early brain development is critical to promoting long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in all newborns, particularly those at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. This issue reviews recent advances in neonatal neurology while also highlighting key gaps that exist in the literature. Articles specifically focus on how brain injury, environmental and infectious exposures, and clinical care in the NICU all impact early brain development.