Retinal Pharmacotherapy

1 Evolving Knowledge in Pharmacologic Treatments

Section 1: Basic Sciences in Retina

2 Retinal Anatomy and Pathology

3 Retinal Biochemistry, Physiology and Cell Biology

4 Ocular Angiogenesis: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Other Factors

5 Ocular Immunity and Inflammation

6 Complement Activation and Inhibition in Retinal Disease

7 Genetics of Retinal Disease

Section 2: Animal Models and Routes for Retinal Drug Delivery

8 Vitamins and Supplements for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

9 Ocular Pharmacokinetic, Drug Bioavailability and Intraocular Drug Delivery Systems

0 Routes for Drug Delivery to the Eye and Retina: Intravitreal Injections and Vitrectomy

11 Routes for Drug Delivery: Topical, Transscleral, Suprachoroidal, and Intravitreal Gas-Phase Nanoparticles

12 Routes for Drug Delivery: Sustained-Release Devices

13 Microspheres and Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery

14 Thermo-sensitive Hydrogels

15 Retina and Ocular Toxicity to Ocular Application of Drugs

16 Retinal Toxicity of Systemic and Topical Medications

Section 3: Retinal Diseases Amenable to Pharmacotherapy

17 Non-neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

18 Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

19 Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema

20 Retinal Vein Occlusion

21 Retinal Detachment and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

22 Posterior Uveitis

23 Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Inflammation, Infection, and Myopia

24 Ocular Infection: Endophthalmitis

25 Retinopathy of Prematurity

26 Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia

27 Neovascular Glaucoma

28 Retinal Hereditary and Degenerative / Dystrophic Diseases (non-AMD)

Section 4: Drugs and Mechanisms in Retinal Diseases

29 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

30 Corticosteroids: Triamcinolone, Dexamethasone, Fluocinolone, and Others

31 Anecortave Acetate

32 Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Fragments: Bevacizumab

33 Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Fragments: Ranibizumab

34 Pathophysiology of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Other Angiogenic Molecules

35 Biologic Therapies: Infliximab, Adalimumab, Etanercept, Daclizumab, and Others

36 Immunomodulatory Therapy in Uveitis

37 Fusion Proteins: VEGF-Trap

38 Aptamers and Intramers: Pegaptanib

39 Protein Kinase C Inhibitor: Ruboxistaurin

40 Small-Interference RNA Technology: SIRNA 027, Bevasiranib, and REDD14NP

41 Ocular Gene Therapy

42 Neuroprotection and Retinal Diseases

43 Photosensitizers and Photodynamic Therapy: Verteporfin

44 Chemotherapy for Malignant Intraocular Tumors

45 Antibiotics

Section 5: Pharmacotherapy and Surgery

46 Rheotherapy (Rheopheresis; Therapeutical Apheresis)

47 Enzymatic Vitrectomy and Pharmacologic Vitreodynamics

48 The Use of Vital Dyes during Vitreoretinal Surgery - Chromovitrectomy

49 Epimacular and External Radiotherapy

50 Current Status of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Transplantation

Section 6: The Last Words

51 Off-Label Drugs and the Impact of the Food and Drug Administration in the Treatment of Retinal Disease

52 Value-Based Medicine and Pharmacoeconomics

53 Future Perspectives: Agents on the Horizon