Khan's Lectures: Handbook of the Physics of Radiation Therapy

Preface vii
CHAPTER 1:
Structure of MatterLecture 1A
Lecture 1B
The Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Forces of Nature and Fundamental Particles . . . . . . . 7Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11CHAPTER 2:
Nuclear TransformationsLecture 2A
Lecture 2B
Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Nuclear Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27CHAPTER 3:
Production of X-RaysLecture 3A
Lecture 3B
X-Ray Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Physics of X-Ray Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41CHAPTER 4:
Clinical Radiation GeneratorsLecture 4A
Lecture 4B
X-Ray and Electron Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Heavy Particle Accelerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60CHAPTER 5:
Interactions of Ionizing RadiationLecture 5A
Lecture 5B
Photon Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Particle Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 CHAPTER 6:
Measurement of Ionizing RadiationLecture 6A
Lecture 6B
Measurement of Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Chambers and Electrometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92CHAPTER 7:
Quality of X-Ray BeamsLecture 7
Beam Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specification and Measurement of X-Ray97Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102CHAPTER 8:
Measurement of Absorbed DoseLecture 8A
Lecture 8B
Dosimetry Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Dosimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119CHAPTER 9:
Dose Distribution and Scatter AnalysisLecture 9
Depth Dose and Tissue-Air Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133CHAPTER 10:
A System of Dosimetric CalculationsLecture 10
Formalism for Monitor Units Calculation . . . . . . . 139Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148CHAPTER 11:
Distributions
Treatment Planning I: IsodoseLecture 11
Isodose Distribution and Plan Evaluation . . . . . . . 153Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170CHAPTER 12:
Corrections, and Setup
Treatment Planning II: Patient Data,Lecture 12A
Treatment Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lecture 12B:
Inhomogeneities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Patient Data Acquisition, Simulation, and175Corrections for Irregular Surface and Tissue183Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Contents
xiCHAPTER 13:
Skin Dose, and Field Separation
Treatment Planning III: Field Shaping,Lecture 13
Field Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Field Shaping, Surface Dose, and195Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204CHAPTER 14:
Electron Beam TherapyLecture 14A
Lecture 14B
Electron Beam Interactions and Dosimetry . . . . . 209Electron Beam Treatment Planning . . . . . . . . . . . 220Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234CHAPTER 15:
BrachytherapyLecture 15
Implantation and Dose Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy: Rules of239Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249CHAPTER 16:
Radiation ProtectionLecture 16
Radiation Protection and Shielding Design . . . . . . 253Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261CHAPTER 17:
Quality AssuranceLecture 17
Quality Assurance and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273CHAPTER 18:
Total Body IrradiationLecture 18
and Dosimetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Body Irradiation: Techniques277Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282CHAPTER 19:
Radiation Therapy
Three-Dimensional ConformalLecture 19
Treatment Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3D Conformal Radiotherapy: Dosimetry and287Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295xii
ContentsCHAPTER 20:
Intensity-Modulated Radiation TherapyLecture 20
and Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IMRT: Commissioning, Treatment Planning,299Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308CHAPTER 21:
Stereotactic Radiation TherapyLecture 21
Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery . . . . . . 313Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320CHAPTER 22:
High-Dose-Rate BrachytherapyLecture 22
Treatment Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy: Dosimetry and325Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330CHAPTER 23:
Prostate ImplantsLecture 23
Treatment Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prostate Implants: Technique, Dosimetry, and335Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343CHAPTER 24:
Intravascular BrachytherapyLecture 24
and Dosimetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intravascular Brachytherapy: Techniques347Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352CHAPTER 25:
Image-Guided Radiation TherapyLecture 25
Tracking, and Imaging Dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IGRT: On-Board Imagers, Online Tumor355Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364CHAPTER 26:
Proton Beam TherapyLecture 26
Treatment Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proton Beam Therapy: Dosimetry and367Review Questions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377Answers
Index 383
379/B>/B>