Clinical Calculations Made Easy

SECTION 1 Clinical Calculations 1

CHAPTER 1 Arithmetic Review 3
Arabic Numbers and Roman Numerals 4
Fractions 7
Decimals 11
Rounding Decimals 11
Multiplying Decimals 12
Dividing Decimals 13
Converting Fractions to Decimals 14
Practice Problems 16
Post-Test 19
Answer Key 21

CHAPTER 2 Systems of Measurement and Common Equivalents 29
Systems of Measurement 30
The Metric System 30
The Apothecary System 31
The Household System 32
Common Equivalents 34

CHAPTER 3 Solving Problems Using Dimensional Analysis 41
Terms Used in Dimensional Analysis 42
The Five Steps of Dimensional Analysis 42
Practice Problems 49
Post-Test 51
Answer Key 53

CHAPTER 4 One-Factor Medication Problems 59
Interpretation of Medication Orders 60
Right Patient 60
Right Drug 60
Right Dosage 60
Right Route 61
Right Time 61
One-Factor Medication Problems 62
Principles of Rounding 65
Components of a Drug Label 68
Identifying the Components 68
Solving Problems With Components of Drug Labels 71
Administering Medication by Different Routes 74
Enteral Medications 74
Parenteral Medications 80
Practice Problems 87
Post-Test 91
Answer Key 97

CHAPTER 5 Two-Factor Medication Problems 103
Medication Problems Involving Weight 104
Medication Problems Involving Reconstitution 108
Medication Problems Involving Intravenous Pumps 112
Medication Problems Involving Drop Factors 116
Medication Problems Involving Intermittent Infusion 120
Practice Problems 124
Post-Test 127
Answer Key 131

CHAPTER 6 Three-Factor Medication Problems 137
Practice Problems 150
Post-Test 153
Answer Key 159

SECTION 2 Practice Problems 163

One-Factor Practice Problems 165
Two-Factor Practice Problems 179
Three-Factor Practice Problems 190
Comprehensive Practice Problems 195
Answer Key 199

SECTION 3 Case Studies 211

CASESTUDY 1 :: Congestive Heart Failure 213
CASESTUDY 2 :: COPD/Emphysema 214
CASESTUDY 3 :: Small Cell Lung Cancer 215
CASESTUDY 4 :: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 216
CASESTUDY 5 :: Sickle Cell Anemia 217
CASESTUDY 6 :: Deep Vein Thrombosis 217
CASESTUDY 7 :: Bone Marrow Transplant 218
CASESTUDY 8 :: Pneumonia 219
CASESTUDY 9 :: Pain 220
CASESTUDY 10 :: Cirrhosis 221
CASESTUDY 11 :: Hyperemesis Gravidarum 221
CASESTUDY 12 :: Preeclampsia 222
CASESTUDY 13 :: Premature Labor 223
CASESTUDY 14 :: Cystic Fibrosis 224
CASESTUDY 15 :: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 225
CASESTUDY 16 :: Leukemia 226
CASESTUDY 17 :: Sepsis 227
CASESTUDY 18 :: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 228
CASESTUDY 19 :: Cerebral Palsy 229
CASESTUDY 20:: Hyperbilirubinemia 230
CASESTUDY 21 :: Spontaneous Abortion 231
CASESTUDY 22 :: Bipolar Disorder 232
CASESTUDY 23 :: Anorexia Nervosa 232
CASESTUDY 24 :: Clinical Depression 233
CASESTUDY 25 :: Alzheimers Disease 234
Answer Key 235

SECTION 4 Comprehensive Post-Test 245

APPENDIX Educational Theory of Dimensional Analysis 251

Index 255