This issue focuses on MRI developments with impact on intraoperative use in neurosurgery, along with intraoperative application of the MRI. This issue, guest edited by world-renowned neurosurgeon Rudolf Fahlbusch of the University of Erlagen, Germany, serves in clearly diagnosing and treating cerebral disorders through the succinct reading and understanding of fMRIs and MRIs. The issue focuses on the intraoperative applications of epilepsy, tumors, pituitary adenomas, and glioma resection.