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ExpertDDx: Brain and Spine

ExpertDDx: Brain and Spine

9780443106941
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Opis
Designed with the busy practitioner in mind, ExpertDDx:: Brain and Spine, third edition, quickly guides you to the most likely differential diagnoses based on key imaging findings and clinical information. This superbly illustrated resource covers more than 275 of the top differential diagnoses across a broad spectrum of central nervous system diseases, presenting parallel groups of anatomically based differentials, generic imaging patterns, modality-specific findings, and clinically based differentials for each area. Now fully revised and up-to-date, this practical reference clearly guides you through useful, actionable differential diagnoses that lead to definitive findings in every area of the brain and spine.
Szczegóły produktu
Elsevier
98185
9780443106941
9780443106941

Opis

Rok wydania
2023
Numer wydania
3
Oprawa
twarda
Liczba stron
1074
Wymiary (mm)
216 x 276
Waga (g)
3240
  • SECTION 1: SKULL AND BRAIN
    SCALP, SKULL
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    4 Skull Normal Variants
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    6 Scalp Mass, Child
    Luke L. Linscott, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    10 Scalp Mass, Adult
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    12 Congenital Anomalies of Skull Base
    Luke L. Linscott, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    18 Hair on End
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    20 Thick Skull, Generalized
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    24 Thick Skull, Localized
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    26 Thin Skull, Generalized
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    28 Thin Skull, Localized
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    30 Lytic Skull Lesion, Solitary
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    34 Multiple Lucent Skull Lesions
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    38 Sclerotic Skull Lesion, Solitary
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    42 Sclerotic Skull Lesions, Multiple
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA

    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    44 Macrocrania/Macrocephaly
    Luke L. Linscott, MD
    50 Microcephaly
    Luke L. Linscott, MD

    MENINGES
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    56 Dural Calcification(s)
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    58 Dural-Based Mass, Solitary
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    62 Dural-Based Masses, Multiple
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    66 Falx Lesions
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    68 Thick Dura/Arachnoid, Generalized
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
    70 Pial Enhancement
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
    74 Dural Tail Sign
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA

    VENTRICLES, PERIVENTRICULAR REGIONS
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    76 Ventricles, Normal Variants
    Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    80 Choroid Plexus Lesions, Child
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    82 Choroid Plexus Lesions, Adult
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    84 Ependymal/Subependymal Lesions
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    90 Lateral Ventricle Mass
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    94 Thick Septum Pellucidum
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    96 Foramen of Monro Mass
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD
    100 3rd Ventricle Mass, Anterior
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    104 3rd Ventricle Mass, Body/Posterior
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    106 Cerebral Aqueduct/Periaqueductal Lesion
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    112 4th Ventricle Mass, Child
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    116 4th Ventricle Mass, Adult
    Karen L. Salzman, MD

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    118 Bubbly-Appearing Intraventricular Mass
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    122 Ependymal Enhancement
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    126 Ventriculomegaly
    Luke L. Linscott, MD
    132 Small Ventricles
    Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    134 Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    138 Irregular Lateral Ventricles
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    142 Periventricular Enhancing Lesions
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    146 Intraventricular Calcification(s)
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    150 Periventricular Calcification(s)
    Luke L. Linscott, MD, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC
    154 Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD

    EXTRAAXIAL SPACES AND SUBARACHNOID CISTERNS
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    158 Subarachnoid Space Normal Variants
    Luke L. Linscott, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    160 Epidural Mass
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC
    164 Enlarged Sulci, Generalized
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    168 Effaced Sulci, Generalized
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    172 Interhemispheric Fissure Cysts
    Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    176 CPA Mass, Adult
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    180 Cystic CPA Mass
    Karen L. Salzman, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
    184 Prepontine Cistern Mass
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA, and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    190 Ventral Foramen Magnum Mass
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    194 Dorsal Foramen Magnum Mass
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Karen L. Salzman, MD

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    198 Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    200 Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    204 CSF-Like Extraaxial Fluid Collection
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
    206 Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    210 CSF-Like Extraaxial Mass
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
    212 Sulcal/Cisternal Enhancement
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC
    216 Fat in Sulci/Cisterns/Ventricles
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
    218 Pneumocephalus
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    220 Extraaxial Flow Voids
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    222 T1-Hyperintense CSF
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
    224 FLAIR-Hyperintense Sulci
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
    228 T2-Hypointense Extraaxial Lesions
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
    232 Hyperdense CSF
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    234 Hyperdense Extraaxial Mass(es)
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    236 Hypodense Extraaxial Mass(es)
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD

    BRAIN PARENCHYMA, GENERAL GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    240 Multiple Enhancing Lesions, General
    Karen L. Salzman, MD and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    244 Ring-Enhancing Lesion, Solitary
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
    250 Ring-Enhancing Lesion, Multiple
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
    254 Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    260 CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    266 Cyst With Nodule
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    270 Fat and Fat-Like Lesion(s)
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    272 Solitary Parenchymal Calcification
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    276 Multiple Parenchymal Calcifications
    Blair A. Winegar, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    280 Solitary Hyperdense Parenchymal Lesion
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    286 Multiple Hyperdense Parenchymal Lesions
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    292 Solitary Hypodense Parenchymal Lesion
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    296 Multiple Hypodense Parenchymal Lesions
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    300 Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    306 Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Less Common
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    312 Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Rare but Important
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    318 Multiple Hypointense Foci on T2
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    320 Multiple Hypointense Foci on GRE/SWI
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    324 T1-/T2-Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesions
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    328 T1-Hypointense, T2-Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesions
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    332 T1-/T2-Isointense Parenchymal Lesions
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    336 Restricted Diffusion, General
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
    342 Restricted Diffusion, Cortex
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    344 Restricted Diffusion, Basal Ganglia
    Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA
    348 T1-Hyperintense Parenchymal Lesion(s)
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR

    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    352 Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    358 Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    364 Epilepsy, Child
    Luke L. Linscott, MD
    370 Epilepsy, Adult
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD

    SUPRATENTORIAL BRAIN PARENCHYMA
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    372 Asymmetric Cerebral Hemispheres
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA
    378 Thick Cerebral Cortex
    Luke L. Linscott, MD
    384 Thin Cortex
    Karen L. Salzman, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    390 Focal Cortical Mass
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and James D. Eastwood, MD
    396 Cortical Hyperintensity T2/FLAIR
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    400 Cortical Enhancement
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    402 Solitary White Matter Lesion
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD and Marinos Kontzialis, MD
    406 Confluent White Matter Lesions
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    412 Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum
    Luke L. Linscott, MD
    418 Corpus Callosum Holes
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    420 Corpus Callosum Lesion Without Mass Effect
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    422 Corpus Callosum Mass
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    424 Corpus Callosum Splenium Lesion
    Troy A. Hutchins, MD
    428 Medial Temporal Lobe Lesion
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    434 Hippocampal Lesion
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    438 Basal Ganglia Calcification
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    442 Hyperdense Basal Ganglia
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    444 Hypodense Basal Ganglia
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    448 T1-Hyperintense Basal Ganglia
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    452 T2-Hyperintense Basal Ganglia
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    456 Enlarged Perivascular Spaces
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    458 Perivascular Space Enhancing Lesions
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    462 Bilateral Basal Ganglia Lesions
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    466 Putamen Lesion(s)
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    468 Globus Pallidus Lesion(s)
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    472 Unilateral Thalamic Lesion
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    474 Bithalamic Lesions
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    478 Pulvinar Sign
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    480 Tectal (Quadrigeminal Plate) Lesion
    Karen L. Salzman, MD

    INFRATENTORIAL BRAIN PARENCHYMA
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    482 Large Brainstem
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    484 Small Brainstem
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    486 T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    488 T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    490 Midbrain Lesion
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    494 Pontine Lesion
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    500 Medulla Lesion
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    504 Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Lesion(s)
    Nancy J. Fischbein, MD
    508 Cerebellar Atrophy
    Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR and Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    512 Cerebellar Hemisphere Mass
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    518 Vermis Mass
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    522 Low Cerebellar Tonsils
    Luke L. Linscott, MD
    ?
    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    524 Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion
    Luke L. Linscott, MD

    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    530 Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult
    Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    534 Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD

    SELLA/JUXTASELLAR, PINEAL REGION
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    540 Pineal Region Mass, General
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA
    544 Pineal Gland Mass
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    546 Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD
    548 Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    550 Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    552 Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    556 Enlarged Pituitary Gland
    Karen L. Salzman, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    558 Intrasellar Lesion
    Blair A. Winegar, MD, Karen L. Salzman, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    560 Cystic Intrasellar Mass
    Karen L. Salzman, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    562 Suprasellar Mass, Child
    Chang Yueh Ho, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    568 Suprasellar Mass, Adult
    Karen L. Salzman, MD
    572 Suprasellar Cystic Mass
    Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    576 Calcified Suprasellar Mass
    Blair A. Winegar, MD, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    578 Enhancing Suprasellar Mass
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    580 Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    584 Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk
    Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    586 Thick Infundibular Stalk
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    588 Hypothalamus Lesion
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Chang Yueh Ho, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    592 Hyperdense Suprasellar Mass
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    594 T1-Hyperintense Suprasellar Mass
    Karen L. Salzman, MD and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR

    ARTERIES
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    596 Multifocal Arterial Narrowing
    Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS and J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD
    600 Vessel Wall Abnormalities
    Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS and J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD
    604 Fusiform Arterial Enlargement
    Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS and Chang Yueh Ho, MD

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    606 Hyperattenuating (Dense) Artery
    Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS, Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC, and Karen L. Salzman, MD

    VEINS, VENOUS SINUSES
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    08 Dural Sinus Lesion, General
    lair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    612 Enlarged Cortical Veins
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    614 Prominent/Enlarged Deep (Medullary/Ependymal) Veins
    Karen L. Salzman, MD and James D. Eastwood, MD
    618 Abnormally Enhancing Medullary Veins
    Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS
    620 Unilateral Cavernous Sinus Mass
    Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD, Marinos Kontzialis, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    624 Bilateral Cavernous Sinus Lesions
    Blair A. Winegar, MD, Karen L. Salzman, MD, and Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR
    628 Meckel Cave Lesion
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    632 Hyperdense Dural Sinus
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA, Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR, and Karen L. Salzman, MD
    636 GRE/SWI Venous Abnormalities
    Kalen Riley, MD, MBA and Miriam E. Peckham, MD

    CRANIAL NERVES
    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    638 Hemifacial Spasm
    Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
    642 Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult
    Nicholas A. Koontz, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
    646 Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child
    Bernadette L. Koch, MD
    652 Bitemporal Heteronymous Hemianopsia
    Blair A. Winegar, MD and Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD
    658 Homonymous Hemianopsia
    Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD
    662 Oculomotor, Trochlear, or Abducens Neuropathy
    Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
    668 Trigeminal Neuralgia
    Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
    672 Complex Cranial Nerve IX-XII Neuropathy
    Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
    678 Horner Syndrome
    Nicholas A. Koontz, MD

    SECTION 2: SPINE
    TRANSSPATIAL
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    686 Cervical, Chronic Posttraumatic Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    688 Cervical, Lower, Posttraumatic Bony Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD
    690 Thoracic Bony Trauma
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD
    692 Lumbar Bony Trauma
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD
    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    694 Kyphosis
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    696 Kyphoscoliosis, Child
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    698 Platyspondyly, Diffuse
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    700 Sacral Mass, Adult
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    704 Sacrococcygeal Mass, Pediatric
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    708 Sacral Deformity
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    712 Multicompartmental Mass
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD

    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    718 Acute Back Pain/Radiculopathy, Postoperative
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    724 Chronic Back Pain/Radiculopathy, Postoperative
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    730 Acute Upper Extremity Pain/Weakness
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    736 Lower Extremity Pain
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    740 Back Pain, Adult
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    746 Back Pain, Pediatric
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD

    CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    750 Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD
    754 Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD
    758 Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    762 C1-C2 Instability
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    766 Odontoid Deformity
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD

    VERTEBRAL BODY, POSTERIOR ELEMENTS
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    768 Congenital Vertebral Anomalies
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD
    770 Cervical Bony Fusion
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    772 Flattened Vertebral Body, Solitary
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD
    774 Flattened Vertebral Body, Multiple
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    776 Dysmorphic Vertebral Body
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Kevin R. Moore, MD, and Julia R. Crim, MD
    778 Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    782 Enlarged Neural Foramen
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    784 Vertebral Body Scalloping/Widened Canal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    786 Spondylolisthesis
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    790 Bony Lesion, Aggressive
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    794 Fracture, Vertebral Body
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    798 Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    800 Fracture, Posterior Element
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Julia R. Crim, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    802 Pedicle Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    806 Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    810 Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    814 Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    816 Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    818 Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    820 Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    822 Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    826 Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD

    INTERVERTEBRAL DISC, ENDPLATE
    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    828 Disc Contour Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    832 Intervertebral Disc/Endplate Irregularity
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    836 Vertebral Endplate Contour Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Julia R. Crim, MD

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    840 Intervertebral Disc, T1 Hypointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    842 Intervertebral Disc, T2 Hyperintense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    844 Vertebral Endplate Signal Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD

    EXTRADURAL
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    846 Epidural Mass
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    852 Ventral/Lateral Paraspinal Mass
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    854 Paraspinal Muscle Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    856 Extradural Lesions, Multiple
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    858 Extradural Lesion, No Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    860 Extradural Lesion, Solid Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    864 Epidural Fluid
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD?

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    868 Soft Tissue Calcification, Paraspinal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    870 Extradural, Normal Marrow Signal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    874 Extradural, Abnormal Marrow Signal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    878 Extradural Lesion, T1 Hyperintense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    880 Extradural Lesion, T1 Hypointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    884 Extradural Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    888 Extradural Lesion, T2 Hypointense, T1 Hypointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Bryson Borg, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD

    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    890 Lumbar Soft Tissue Mass, Pediatric
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD

    INTRADURAL EXTRAMEDULLARY
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    894 Cauda Equina Enhancement, Diffuse
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    898 Subarachnoid Space Narrowing
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    900 Intradural Extramedullary, Leptomeningeal Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD

    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    904 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, No Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    908 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, Solid Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    912 Intradural Lesion, Serpentine
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    914 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, Multiple
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    918 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, Ring/Peripheral Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    922 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T1 Hyperintense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    924 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    928 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense, T2 Hypointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    930 Intradural Extramedullary Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD

    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    932 Cauda Equina Syndrome
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD

    INTRAMEDULLARY
    ANATOMICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    934 Intramedullary Mass
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    938 Conus Abnormality
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Bryson Borg, MD
    GENERIC IMAGING PATTERNS
    942 Intramedullary Lesions, Multiple
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    944 Intramedullary Lesion, Solid Enhancement=
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    948 Intramedullary Lesion, No Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    950 Intramedullary Lesion, Diffuse/Ill-Defined Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    954 Intramedullary Lesion, Ring/Peripheral Enhancement
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD

    MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS
    956 Intramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense, T2 Hypointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Kevin R. Moore, MD
    958 Intramedullary Lesion, T1 Hypointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    960 Intramedullary Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, T1 Isointense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    964 Intramedullary Lesion, T1 Hyperintense
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    970 Cord Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, Ventral
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD
    972 Cord Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, Dorsal
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
    976 Cord Lesion, T2 Hyperintense, Central
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Lubdha M. Shah, MD

    CLINICALLY BASED DIFFERENTIALS
    982 Myelopathy
    Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Kevin R. Moore, MD
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