This book reviews the biochemical pathways of ethanol and its metabolites in humans in the context of pregnancy. Special emphasis is devoted to the implications for foetal and neonatal development. The book also covers primary direct effects of ethanol as well as downstream effector pathways involving modulation of receptor and hormonal signalling, and the enzymatic status of the offspring. Special attention is given to the implications of maternal alcohol consumption for the nutritional status of compounds with recognised relevance for pregnancies, such as folate, unsaturated fatty acids and zinc.
Introduction; Alcohol Metabolism in Humans; Dramatis Personae:: The Main Metabolites of Ethanol; Pharmacology of Ethanol in Pregnancy; Effects of Ethanol on Lactation; Effects of Ethanol on the Developing Nervous System; Ethanol & Neuronal Apoptosis; Effects of Ethanol on Levels & Function of Neurosteroids; Effects of Ethanol on Lipid Metabolism & Membrane Composition; Effects of Ethanol on Purine Metabolism; Effects of Ethanol on Redox State of Tissues; Protein Adducts of Acetaldehyde & Lipid Peroxidation Products; DNA Adducts of Acetaldehyde; Direct Physiological Effects of Acetaldehyde; Interference with Hormonal Status; Ethanol & Zn Status During Pregnancy; Ethanol & Placental Function During Pregnancy; Ethanol & Folate Status During Pregnancy; Ethanol & Skeletal Development; Ethanol & the Neonatal Immune System; Conclusions & Implications for Fetal Health; Index.
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