CTG Made Easy

Part 1 Assessing fetal well being in labour

Introduction

Intermittent auscultation

Continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring

Adjuncts to CEFM for fetal surveillance

Conclusion

References

Part 2 Interpretation of the CTG

Control of the fetal heart rate

Interpretation of the CTG

Features of the cardiotocograph (CTG)

Basic patterns

Periodic changes

Interpretation of the data

Management of a suspicious CTG

Management of a pathological CTG

References

Part 3 Litigation and the CTG

Andrew Symon

Introduction

Background to CTG litigation

The CTG in litigation

Conclusion

References

Part 4 Case Studies

Contents

Section 1 Normal

Section 2 Bradycardia

Section 3 Tachycardia

Section 4 Reduced variability

Section 5 Early decelerations

Section 6 Late decelerations

Section 7: Variable decelerations

Section 8: Prolonged decelerations

Section 9: Complex

Section 10: Miscellaneous

Part 5 Good practice guide

Introduction

Developing guidelines

Audit

Communication

Training and development

Supervisors of midwives

Practical guides

Risk assessment chart

Web addresses

References

Index