Simulators and Models for Training in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, An Issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics

Devoted to simulation, this issue offers insights on the evolution of simulation in GI endoscopy and comparative overviews of the current state of the use of simulation in the aviation industry, drivers tests, and laparoscopic surgery. All of the major available types of simulators-ex-vivo, artificial tissue, and the computer simulators--will be described in detail, with an emphasis on what specific skills can be taught using each type. Also discussed are the optimal use of various simulators and models for EGD, Colonoscopy, ERCP, EUS, and hemostasis, with a focus on evidence-based validation data where available. Of great importance is the proper integration of various models at various stages of training and for different trainees; also discussed are the logistical obstacles to more widespread utilization of simulators and a look to the future, including the use of simulators for testing competency. This issue should be of great interest to students and teachers of endoscopy alike. It should also interest non-gastroenterologists who perform endoscopic procedures and individuals involved in supervising physician education and credentialing. Key words:: simulators; endoscopy; colonoscopy; ERCP, EUS; hemostasis; virtual reality; ex-vivo models; competency; training; credentialing