Imaging in Pediatrics

Introduction to Imaging

AIRWAY

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Airway

Expiratory Buckling of Trachea

Pseudothickening of Retropharyngeal Tissues

Newborn Airway Obstruction

Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis

Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele

Choanal Atresia

Infectious Causes of Airway Compromise

Epiglottitis

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Croup

Exudative Tracheitis

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Enlarged Adenoid Tonsils

Enlarged Palatine Tonsils

Enlarged Lingual Tonsils

Glossoptosis

Extrinsic Vascular Compression of Airway

Double Aortic Arch

Pulmonary Sling

Right Arch With Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery

Miscellaneous Airway Obstructions

Infantile Hemangioma, Airway

Tracheobronchomalacia

CHEST

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Chest

Normal Thymus

Palpable Normal Variants of Chest Wall

Congenital Lung Lesions

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

Bronchogenic Cyst

Congenital Lobar Overinflation

Neonatal Chest Issues

Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Surfactant Deficiency Disease

Neonatal Pneumonia

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Transient Tachypnea of Newborn

Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema

Neonatal Pneumothorax

Chylothorax

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Chest Infections

Viral Chest Infection

Round Pneumonia

Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema

Pneumonia With Cavitary Necrosis

Papillomatosis

Mediastinal Masses

Lymphoma

Germ Cell Tumors

Trauma

Child Abuse, Rib Fractures

Lung Contusion and Laceration

Pneumomediastinum

Miscellaneous

Asthma

Bronchial Obstruction

Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary

Sickle Cell Disease, Acute Chest Syndrome

Pectus Excavatum

Askin Tumor/Ewing Sarcoma of Chest Wall

CARDIAC

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Heart

Congenital Heart Disease

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Atrioventricular Septal Defect

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Tetralogy of Fallot

Pulmonary Atresia

Ebstein Anomaly

D-Transposition of Great Arteries

L-Transposition of Great Arteries

Tricuspid Atresia

Truncus Arteriosus

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Left Coronary Artery Anomalous Origin

Double Outlet Right Ventricle

Aortic Coarctation

Aortic Stenosis

Pulmonary Artery Stenosis

Cardiomyopathies

Myocarditis

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Miscellaneous

Heterotaxy Syndromes

Kawasaki Disease

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Marfan Syndrome

GASTROINTESTINAL

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract

Neonatal Upper Intestinal Obstruction

Malrotation

Midgut Volvulus

Duodenal Atresia or Stenosis

Duodenal Web

Neonatal Lower Intestinal Obstruction

Jejunoileal Atresia

Meconium Ileus

Hirschsprung Disease

Neonatal Small Left Colon Syndrome

Anorectal Malformation

Other Neonatal Gastrointestinal Disorders

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Upper Gastrointestinal Abnormalities Typically Seen in Infants and Young Children

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Gastric Volvulus

Ingested Coins

Ingested Button Batteries

Ingested Multiple Magnets

Abnormalities of Abdominal Wall

Hernias

Other Abnormalities Associated With Bowel Obstruction

Appendicitis

Ileocolic Intussusception

Meckel Diverticulum

Liver Abnormalities

Hepatoblastoma

Hepatic Hemangiomas, Infantile and Congenital

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

Hepatic Adenoma

Biliary Atresia

Choledochal Cyst

Steatosis/Steatohepatitis

Hepatic Fibrosis/Cirrhosis

Pancreatic Abnormalities

Pancreatitis

Mesenteric Abnormalities

Mesenteric Adenitis

Omental Infarction

Trauma

Hepatic Trauma

Splenic Trauma

Duodenal Trauma

Bowel Injury

Pancreatic Trauma

Abnormalities in Immunocompromised Children

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Crohn Disease

Ulcerative Colitis

Miscellaneous

Esophageal Strictures

Bezoar

Gastrointestinal Duplication Cysts

Small Bowel Intussusception

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

Cystic Fibrosis, Gastrointestinal Tract

GENITOURINARY

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Genitourinary Tract

Congenital Urinary Tract Abnormalities

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Vesicoureteral Reflux

Ureteropelvic Duplications

Ureterocele

Primary Megaureter

Posterior Urethral Valves

Urachal Abnormalities

Renal Ectopia and Fusion

Multicystic Renal Disease

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Polycystic Renal Disease, Recessive

Polycystic Renal Disease, Dominant

Renal Masses

Mesoblastic Nephroma

Wilms Tumor

Miscellaneous Renal Conditions

Pyelonephritis

Renal Stones

Renal Injury

Renal Vein Thrombosis

Bladder Abnormalities

Neurogenic Bladder

Bladder Diverticula

Rhabdomyosarcoma, Genitourinary

Adrenal Abnormalities

Neonatal Adrenal Hemorrhage

Neuroblastoma

Uterine/Ovarian Abnormalities

Hydrometrocolpos

Müllerian Duct Anomalies

Ovarian Teratoma

Ovarian Cyst

Ovarian Torsion

Scrotal/Testicular Abnormalities

Epididymoorchitis

Testicular Torsion

Torsion of Testicular Appendage

Testicular Tumors

Testicular Trauma

MUSCULOSKELETAL

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Musculoskeletal System

Normal Primary and Secondary Growth Centers

Normal Developmental Variants Confused With Disease

Congenital Anomalies

VACTERL Association

Polydactyly

Clubfoot

Trauma:: General

Physeal Fractures

Apophyseal Injuries

Incomplete Fractures

Child Abuse, Metaphyseal Fracture

Other Fractures of Child Abuse

Stress Injury of Bone

Osteochondroses

Osteochondritis Dissecans

Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies, Acute and Chronic

Trauma:: Upper Extremity

Supracondylar Fracture

Lateral Condylar Fracture

Medial Epicondyle Avulsion

Forearm Fractures

Trauma:: Lower Extremity

ACL Injuries

Patellar Dislocation

Tibial Tubercle Avulsion

Triplane Fracture

Infection

Transient Synovitis

Septic Arthritis

Osteomyelitis

Soft Tissue Abscess

Soft Tissue Masses

Infantile Hemangioma, Musculoskeletal

Venous Malformation

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Focal, Multifocal, and Diffuse Bone Lesions

Ewing Sarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Leukemia

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, General

Fibroxanthoma

Osteoid Osteoma

Osteochondroma

Abnormalities of Hip

Developmental Hip Dysplasia

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Constitutional Disorders of Bone

Achondroplasia

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Rheumatologic Diseases

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Dermatomyositis

Miscellaneous

Rickets

Sickle Cell Disease

Scoliosis

Tarsal Coalition

Brachial Plexopathy

Hemophilia

BRAIN

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Brain

Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces

Congenital Malformations

Dandy-Walker Continuum

Chiari 1

Chiari 2

Phakomatoses

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Tuberous Sclerosis

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Cysts and Neoplasms

Arachnoid Cyst

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Medulloblastoma

Ependymoma

Brainstem Tumors

Craniopharyngioma

Traumatic and Vascular Lesions

Child Abuse, Brain

Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage

White Matter Injury of Prematurity

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Childhood Stroke

Arteriovenous Malformation

Cavernous Malformation

Developmental Venous Anomaly

Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders

Metabolic Brain Disease

TORCH Infections

Brain Abscess

Acute Encephalitis

Demyelinating Diseases

SPINE

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Pediatric Spine

Congenital Spinal Malformations

Myelomeningocele

Dorsal Dermal Sinus

Tethered Spinal Cord

Neoplasms

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Inflammatory Lesions

Discitis/Osteomyelitis

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Transverse Myelitis

Trauma

Craniocervical Junction Injuries

Chance Fracture

Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

HEAD AND NECK

Introduction & Normals

Approach to Congenital Head & Neck Lesions

Nasal and Sinus Cavities

Acute Rhinosinusitis

Orbit

Orbital Cellulitis

Retinoblastoma

Temporal Bone

Congenital Cholesteatoma

Acquired Cholesteatoma

Acute Otomastoiditis With Abscess

Neck Masses

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Branchial Cleft Anomalies

Lymphatic Malformation, Cervical

Acute Parotitis

Suppurative Adenitis

Fibromatosis Colli