Complications in Anesthesia

 Section 1: Preoperative Conditions 1 Adrenal Insufficiency 2 Alzheimers Disease 3 Chemical Dependency: Nonopioids 4 Chemical Dependency: Opioids 5 Chronic Opioid Use 6 Dialysis-Dependent Patients 7 Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders in the Operating Room 8 Drugs Affecting the Renin-Angiotensin System 9 HIV Infection and AIDS 10 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 11 Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Storm 12 Hypothyroidism: Myxedema Coma 13 Mechanical Assist Devices 14 Myasthenic Disorders 15 Patient Confidentiality 16 Patients with Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices 17 Patients with Seizure Disorders 18 Perioperative Management of Patients with Muscular Dystrophy 19 Porphyrias 20 Preanesthetic Evaluation:  False-Positive Tests 21 Preanesthetic Evaluation:  Inadequate or Missing Test Result 22 Preoperative Cardiac Interventions 23 Sarcoidosis 24 Sepsis, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 25 Steroids 26 The Jehovahs Witness Patient 27 Unstable Cervical Spine, Atlantoaxial Subluxation 28 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

 Section 2: Procedure-Related Complications 29 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair 30 Adenotonsillectomy 31 Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy 32 Anesthetic Complications of Fetal Surgery: EXIT Procedures 33 Antepartum Hemorrhage 34 Anterior Mediastinal Mass 35 Anticoagulants and Peripheral Nerve Block 36 Anticoagulation Initiation and Reversal for Cardiac Surgery 37 Arteriovenous Malformation: Normal Perfusion Pressure Breakthrough 38 Bleeding After Cardiac Surgery 39 Cardiomyopathies 40 Cardioversion 41 Carotid Endarterectomy 42 Chronic NSAID Use 43 Complications after Pneumonectomy 44 Complications of Adrenal Surgery 45 Complications of Carcinoid Tumors 46 Complications of Laparoscopic Surgery 47 Complications of Lithotripsy 48 Complications of Massive Transfusion 49 Complications of Radical Urologic Surgery 50 Complications of Spinal Surgery 51 Complications of Thyroid Surgery 52 Complications of Transurethral Surgery 53 Complications of Trauma Surgery 54 Continuous Nerve Blocks: Perineural Local Anesthetic Infusion 55 Extremity Tourniquets 56 Fetal Distress 57 Foreign Body Aspiration 58 Head Injury 59 Hemodilution and Blood Conservation 60 Intracranial Aneurysms: Rebleeding 61 Intracranial Aneurysms: Vasospasm and Other Issues 62 Laryngoscopy and Microlaryngoscopy 63 Major Organ System Dysfunction after Cardiopulmonary Bypass 64 Mediastinal Masses 65 Methylmethacrylate 66 One-Lung Ventilation 67 Open Globe Injury 68 Perioperative Psychological Trauma 69 Peripheral Vascular Surgery 70 Pituitary Tumors: Diabetes Insipidus 71 Posterior Fossa Surgery 72 Postpartum Hemorrhage 73 Preterm Labor 74 Pulmonary Hypertension 75 Retrobulbar Block 76 Sedation of Pediatric Patients 77 Spinal Cord Injury 78 Thermally Injured Patients 79 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm 80 Toxic Ingestion 81 Troubleshooting Common Problems During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

 Section 3: Intraoperative Agents and Potential Complications 82 Antibiotics 83 Antiemetic Drugs 84 Antihistamines: H1- and H2-Blockers 85 Autonomic Hyperreflexia 86 Barbiturates: Porphyrias 87 Disorders of Potassium Balance 88 Intrathecal Opioids 89 Ketamine 90 Magnesium 91 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 92 Muscle Relaxants 93 Nitrous Oxide: Neurotoxicity 94 Nonbarbiturate Anesthetics 95 Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Block 96 Perioperative Fluid Management 97 Reversal Agents: Naloxone,  Flumazenil, and Sugammadex 98 Succinylcholine 99 Volatile Anesthetics: Organ Toxicity 100 Blood and Blood Products: Infections 101 Blood and Blood Products: Transfuction Reaction 102 Epidural Anesthesia: Unintended Intrathecal Injection 103 Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity 104 Respiration Depression After Spinal Anesthesia

 Section 4: Equipment-Related Complications 105 Anesthesia Circuit 106 Carbon Dioxide Absorbers 107 Central Venous Pressure Monitoring 108 Electrical Safety 109 Fires in the Operating Room 110 Flowmeters 111 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring 112 Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems 113 Laser Complications 114 Mechanical Ventilators 115 Patient Warming Systems 116 Pipeline Source Failure 117 Proportioning Systems 118 Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring 119 Rapid Fluid and Blood Delivery Systems 120 Scavenging Systems 121 Surgical Diathermy and Electrocautery 122 Transesophageal Echocardiography 123 Vaporizers

 Section 5: Perioperative Events 124 Adverse Neurologic Sequelae: Central Neurologic Impairment 125 Adverse Neurologic Sequelae: Peripheral Nerve Injury 126 Adverse Outcomes: Withheld Information or Misinformation 127 Air Emboli 128 Alleged Malpractice 129 Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions 130 Angioedema and Urticaria 131 Autonomic Dysreflexia 132 Awareness Under Anesthesia 133 Bradyarrythmias 134 Bronchospasm 135 Celiac Plexus Block: Side Effects and Complications 136 Corneal Injury 137 Delayed Emergence 138 Dental Injuries 139 Difficult Airway and Failed Extubation 140 Disorders of Water Homeostasis: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia 141 Embolic Events of Pregnancy 142 Fat Embolism Syndrome 143 Hypercoagulable States: Thrombosis and Embolism 144 Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis 145 Hyperthermia 146 Hypothermia 147 Inadequate Pain Relief 148 Infectious Complications of Central Neuraxial Block 149 Interscalene Nerve Block: Potential Severe Complications 150 Intracranial Hypertension 151 Intractable Nausea and Vomiting 152 Laryngeal and Tracheal Injury 153 Latex Reactions in Health Care Personnel 154 Local Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: Cauda Equina Syndrome 155 Long QT Syndromes and Torsade de Pointes 156 Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis 157 Misidentification of a Patient 158 Perioperative Hypertension 159 Perioperative Hypoxia 160 Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction 161 Perioperative Tachyarrhythmias 162 Peripartum Neurologic Complications 163 Persistent Paresthesia 164 Postobstruction Pulmonary Edema 165 Postoperative Acute Renal Failure 166 Postoperative Delirium 167 Postoperative Hemodynamic Instability 168 Postoperative Hepatic Dysfunction 169 Postoperative Peripheral Neuropathy 170 Postoperative Pulmonary Hypertension 171 Postoperative Respiratory Failure 172 Postoperative Respiratory Insufficiency 172 Postoperative Urinary Retention 173 Postoperative Visual Loss 174 Postpartum Headache other Than Post-Dural Puncture Headache 175 Psoas Compartment Block: Potential Complications 176 Pulmonary Aspiration 177 Pulmonary Aspiration in the Parturient 178 Spinal Anesthesia: Post-Dural Puncture Headache 179 Spinal Hematoma 180 Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular Block: Complications 181 Syringe Swaps 182 The Hostile-Combative Patient 183 Thromboembolic Complications 184 Unanticipated Hospital Admission and Readmission 185 Uncontrolled Postoperative Pain 186 Venous Air Embolism

 Section 6: Pediatric Perioperative Events 187 Delayed Emergence in Pediatric Patients 188 Difficult Pediatric Airway 189 Emergence Agitation 190 Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia 191 Hypothermia in Pediatric Patients 192 Hypoxemia in Pediatric Patients 193 Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest, Pediatric 194 Latex Allergy/Anaphylaxis 195 Malignant Hyperthermia 196 Ophthalmic Problems and Complications, Pediatric 197 Pediatric Hyperthermia 198 Pediatric Laryngospasm 199 Perioperative Aspiration Pneumonitis, Pediatric 200 Postintubation Croup 201 Postobstruction Pulmonary Edema in Pediatric Patients 202 Postoperative Apnea in Infants 203 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Pediatric

 Section 1: Preoperative Conditions 1 Adrenal Insufficiency 2 Alzheimers Disease 3 Chemical Dependency: Nonopioids 4 Chemical Dependency: Opioids 5 Chronic Opioid Use 6 Dialysis-Dependent Patients 7 Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders in the Operating Room 8 Drugs Affecting the Renin-Angiotensin System 9 HIV Infection and AIDS 10 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 11 Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Storm 12 Hypothyroidism: Myxedema Coma 13 Mechanical Assist Devices 14 Myasthenic Disorders 15 Patient Confidentiality 16 Patients with Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices 17 Patients with Seizure Disorders 18 Perioperative Management of Patients with Muscular Dystrophy 19 Porphyrias 20 Preanesthetic Evaluation:  False-Positive Tests 21 Preanesthetic Evaluation:  Inadequate or Missing Test Result 22 Preoperative Cardiac Interventions 23 Sarcoidosis 24 Sepsis, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 25 Steroids 26 The Jehovahs Witness Patient 27 Unstable Cervical Spine, Atlantoaxial Subluxation 28 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

 Section 2: Procedure-Related Complications 29 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair 30 Adenotonsillectomy 31 Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy 32 Anesthetic Complications of Fetal Surgery: EXIT Procedures 33 Antepartum Hemorrhage 34 Anterior Mediastinal Mass 35 Anticoagulants and Peripheral Nerve Block 36 Anticoagulation Initiation and Reversal for Cardiac Surgery 37 Arteriovenous Malformation: Normal Perfusion Pressure Breakthrough 38 Bleeding After Cardiac Surgery 39 Cardiomyopathies 40 Cardioversion 41 Carotid Endarterectomy 42 Chronic NSAID Use 43 Complications after Pneumonectomy 44 Complications of Adrenal Surgery 45 Complications of Carcinoid Tumors 46 Complications of Laparoscopic Surgery 47 Complications of Lithotripsy 48 Complications of Massive Transfusion 49 Complications of Radical Urologic Surgery 50 Complications of Spinal Surgery 51 Complications of Thyroid Surgery 52 Complications of Transurethral Surgery 53 Complications of Trauma Surgery 54 Continuous Nerve Blocks: Perineural Local Anesthetic Infusion 55 Extremity Tourniquets 56 Fetal Distress 57 Foreign Body Aspiration 58 Head Injury 59 Hemodilution and Blood Conservation 60 Intracranial Aneurysms: Rebleeding 61 Intracranial Aneurysms: Vasospasm and Other Issues 62 Laryngoscopy and Microlaryngoscopy 63 Major Organ System Dysfunction after Cardiopulmonary Bypass 64 Mediastinal Masses 65 Methylmethacrylate 66 One-Lung Ventilation 67 Open Globe Injury 68 Perioperative Psychological Trauma 69 Peripheral Vascular Surgery 70 Pituitary Tumors: Diabetes Insipidus 71 Posterior Fossa Surgery 72 Postpartum Hemorrhage 73 Preterm Labor 74 Pulmonary Hypertension 75 Retrobulbar Block 76 Sedation of Pediatric Patients 77 Spinal Cord Injury 78 Thermally Injured Patients 79 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm 80 Toxic Ingestion 81 Troubleshooting Common Problems During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

 Section 3: Intraoperative Agents and Potential Complications 82 Antibiotics 83 Antiemetic Drugs 84 Antihistamines: H1- and H2-Blockers 85 Autonomic Hyperreflexia 86 Barbiturates: Porphyrias 87 Disorders of Potassium Balance 88 Intrathecal Opioids 89 Ketamine 90 Magnesium 91 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 92 Muscle Relaxants 93 Nitrous Oxide: Neurotoxicity 94 Nonbarbiturate Anesthetics 95 Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Block 96 Perioperative Fluid Management 97 Reversal Agents: Naloxone,  Flumazenil, and Sugammadex 98 Succinylcholine 99 Volatile Anesthetics: Organ Toxicity 100 Blood and Blood Products: Infections 101 Blood and Blood Products: Transfuction Reaction 102 Epidural Anesthesia: Unintended Intrathecal Injection 103 Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity 104 Respiration Depression After Spinal Anesthesia

 Section 4: Equipment-Related Complications 105 Anesthesia Circuit 106 Carbon Dioxide Absorbers 107 Central Venous Pressure Monitoring 108 Electrical Safety 109 Fires in the Operating Room 110 Flowmeters 111 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring 112 Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems 113 Laser Complications 114 Mechanical Ventilators 115 Patient Warming Systems 116 Pipeline Source Failure 117 Proportioning Systems 118 Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring 119 Rapid Fluid and Blood Delivery Systems 120 Scavenging Systems 121 Surgical Diathermy and Electrocautery 122 Transesophageal Echocardiography 123 Vaporizers

 Section 5: Perioperative Events 124 Adverse Neurologic Sequelae: Central Neurologic Impairment 125 Adverse Neurologic Sequelae: Peripheral Nerve Injury 126 Adverse Outcomes: Withheld Information or Misinformation 127 Air Emboli 128 Alleged Malpractice 129 Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions 130 Angioedema and Urticaria 131 Autonomic Dysreflexia 132 Awareness Under Anesthesia 133 Bradyarrythmias 134 Bronchospasm 135 Celiac Plexus Block: Side Effects and Complications 136 Corneal Injury 137 Delayed Emergence 138 Dental Injuries 139 Difficult Airway and Failed Extubation 140 Disorders of Water Homeostasis: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia 141 Embolic Events of Pregnancy 142 Fat Embolism Syndrome 143 Hypercoagulable States: Thrombosis and Embolism 144 Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis 145 Hyperthermia 146 Hypothermia 147 Inadequate Pain Relief 148 Infectious Complications of Central Neuraxial Block 149 Interscalene Nerve Block: Potential Severe Complications 150 Intracranial Hypertension 151 Intractable Nausea and Vomiting 152 Laryngeal and Tracheal Injury 153 Latex Reactions in Health Care Personnel 154 Local Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: Cauda Equina Syndrome 155 Long QT Syndromes and Torsade de Pointes 156 Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis 157 Misidentification of a Patient 158 Perioperative Hypertension 159 Perioperative Hypoxia 160 Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction 161 Perioperative Tachyarrhythmias 162 Peripartum Neurologic Complications 163 Persistent Paresthesia 164 Postobstruction Pulmonary Edema 165 Postoperative Acute Renal Failure 166 Postoperative Delirium 167 Postoperative Hemodynamic Instability 168 Postoperative Hepatic Dysfunction 169 Postoperative Peripheral Neuropathy 170 Postoperative Pulmonary Hypertension 171 Postoperative Respiratory Failure 172 Postoperative Respiratory Insufficiency 172 Postoperative Urinary Retention 173 Postoperative Visual Loss 174 Postpartum Headache other Than Post-Dural Puncture Headache 175 Psoas Compartment Block: Potential Complications 176 Pulmonary Aspiration 177 Pulmonary Aspiration in the Parturient 178 Spinal Anesthesia: Post-Dural Puncture Headache 179 Spinal Hematoma 180 Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular Block: Complications 181 Syringe Swaps 182 The Hostile-Combative Patient 183 Thromboembolic Complications 184 Unanticipated Hospital Admission and Readmission 185 Uncontrolled Postoperative Pain 186 Venous Air Embolism

 Section 6: Pediatric Perioperative Events 187 Delayed Emergence in Pediatric Patients 188 Difficult Pediatric Airway 189 Emergence Agitation 190 Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia 191 Hypothermia in Pediatric Patients 192 Hypoxemia in Pediatric Patients 193 Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest, Pediatric 194 Latex Allergy/Anaphylaxis 195 Malignant Hyperthermia 196 Ophthalmic Problems and Complications, Pediatric 197 Pediatric Hyperthermia 198 Pediatric Laryngospasm 199 Perioperative Aspiration Pneumonitis, Pediatric 200 Postintubation Croup 201 Postobstruction Pulmonary Edema in Pediatric Patients 202 Postoperative Apnea in Infants 203 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Pediatric