Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology

Part I: Molecular Exercise Physiology
Chapter 1. The Cell

-Cellular Architecture

-Exercise and the Cell

-Conclusion
Chapter 2. Cellular Life Span

-Cell Cycle and Tissue Turnover

-Cell Death

-Effect of Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Cell Death

-Conclusion
Chapter 3. Genes, Genetic Heterogeneity, and Exercise Phenotypes

-Genes and Genome

-Gene Expression

-Regulation of Gene Expression

-Exercise and Gene Expression

-DNA Sequence Variation

-Genetics and Responsiveness to Exercise Training

-Conclusion
Chapter 4. Proteins and Exercise

-Protein Synthesis

-Protein Degradation

-Exercise and Protein Metabolism

-Conclusion
Chapter 5. Extracellular Matrix and Exercise

-Extracellular Matrices

-Composition of the Interstitial Extracellular Matrix

-Composition of Basement Membranes

-Synthesis of Collagens

-Degradation of Collagens

-ECM of Skeletal Muscle

-Muscle ECM and Physical Activity
Chapter 6. Regulation of Intracellular Ion Composition and pH

-Potassium

-Intracellular pH Regulation

-Magnesium
Chapter 7. Inter- and Intracellular Signaling

-Hormones and Receptors

-Intracellular Signal Transduction
Chapter 8. Energy Turnover and Substrate Utilization

-Skeletal Muscle Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise

-Recent Advances in the Regulation of Long Chain Fatty Acid Transport and Metabolism

-Molecular Basis of Lactate Transport in Skeletal Muscle
Chapter 9. Generation and Disposal of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

-Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Living Organisms

-Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Exercise

-Conclusion
Chapter 10. Cellular Responses to Environmental Stress

-Hyperthermia

-Hypoxia

Part II: Exercise and the Cell
Chapter 11. Exercise and the Cardiac Myocyte

-Structure of the Cardiac Myocyte

-Contractile Cycle and Excitation–Contraction Coupling

-Adaptive Hypertrophy and Growth Signaling

-Contractile Function and Calcium Handling
Chapter 12. Exercise and Endothelium

-Endothelium Cell Function

-Effects of Physical Training on Vascular Reactivity

-Conclusion
Chapter 13. Activity-Dependent Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

-The Multiplicity of Sarcomeric Protein Isoforms

-Myofibrillar Protein Isoforms and Fiber Diversity

-Metabolic Adaptations of Muscle Fibers to Altered Functional Demands

-Fiber Type Transitions

-Signaling Pathways Related to Fiber Type Transitions

-Conclusion
Chapter 14. Exercise and the Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelial Cell

-Airways

-The Alveolar Epithelium
Chapter 15. Exercise and the Liver Cell

-Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism

-Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

-Conclusion
Chapter 16. Exercise and the Adipocyte

-The Adipocyte: Characteristics and Functions

-Adipocyte Receptors and Exercise

-Conclusion
Chapter 17. Erythrocytes

-Red Cell Production

-Principles of O2 Transport by the Hemoglobin Molecule

-Principles of CO2 Transport in the Blood

-Regulation of Red Cell Volume

-Red Cell Influence on Circulation and Respiration

-Erythrocyte and Radicals

-Conclusion
Chapter 18. Leukocytes

-Acute Exercise and Leukocytes

-Mechanisms of Action

-Chronic Exercise and Leukocyte Subpopulations

-Exercise and Infections

-Conclusion
Chapter 19. Exercise and the Brain

-Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Humans and Prevents Age-Related Brain Atrophy

-Animal Models to Study the Effects of Exercise on Brain Function

-Exercise Up-Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

-Gene Microarray Analysis Reveals Other Genes That Are Regulated by Exercise

-Exercise Enhancement of Learning and BDNF

-Exercise and Depression

-Definitive Role for BDNF in Human Cognition

-CNS and Peripheral Regulatory Mechanisms of Exercise Effect on BDNF

-Conclusion