Public Health in the Premodern World

Chapters [6, 12, and 14] of this work are available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] open access licence. This part/these parts of the work is/are free to read on [the Oxford Academic platform] and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and sel‎ected open access locations.The public health movement is commonly (and incorrectly) characterized as a response to the ills of industrialization and modernization. Setting out to correct this misconception, this volume gathers sixteen studies on the deeper history and archaeology of public health from across the premodern globe. Each chapter vividly reconstructs preventative ideas and practices in a different region, critically engaging with the paradigm of healthscaping, or designing environments where health can bloom. Studies range from programs to fight fire in later medieval England and restrict the movements of poor migrants in the Low Countries, to invoking gendered spirits in central America, maintaining water infrastructures in Cairo, and creating visual prophylactics in Tibet. All of these programs hadshortcomings and limitations, but tracing them collectively stresses two main points. First, there is a transregional justification for rejecting the concept of public health as a modern, industrial phenomenon embedded in Western biomedicine and beholden to centralised states and bureaucracies. Secondly,preventative biopolitics predate and transcend urban centers in Europe and can be documented for numerous civilizations in other world regions, as well as in the countryside, for both sedentary and mobile groups. The volume accordingly illustrates that public health has a far richer history than a recent set of ideas and practices developed in response to the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century, and that communities across the globe defined and pursued health in different ways, using the social, intellectual, legal, and physical tools at their disposal. This has important implications for all those interested in histories of health, medicine, and science in the medieval world, as well as forunderstandings of modern public health programs.