Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

PART I: Understanding, Controlling, and Preventing Infectious Diseases
Section A. Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases
1. Principles of Epidemiology and Public Health
2. Pediatric Healthcare: Infection Epidemiology, Prevention and Control, and Antimicrobial Stewardship
3. Infections Associated With Group Childcare
4. Infectious Diseases in Refugee and Internationally Adopted Children
Section B. Prevention of Infectious Diseases
5. Passive Immunization
6. Active Immunization
7. Antimicrobial Chemoprophylaxis
8. Protection of Travelers
Section C. Host Defenses Against Infectious Diseases
9. Immunologic Development and Susceptibility to Infection
10. Fever and the Inflammatory Response

PART II: Clinical Syndromes and Cardinal Features of Infectious Diseases: Approach to Diagnosis and Initial Management
Section A. Septicemia, Toxin-, and Inflammation-Mediated Syndromes
11. The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, and Septic Shock
12. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Section B. Cardinal Symptom Complexes
13. Mucocutaneous Symptom Complexes
14. Fever Without Localizing Signs
15. Prolonged, Recurrent, and Periodic Fever Syndromes
16. Lymphatic System and Generalized Lymphadenopathy
17. Cervical Lymphadenitis and Neck Infections
18. Mediastinal and Hilar Lymphadenopathy
19. Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy
20. Localized Lymphadenitis, Lymphadenopathy, and Lymphangitis
21. Respiratory Tract Symptom Complexes
22. Abdominal Symptom Complexes
23. Neurologic Syndromes
24. Musculoskeletal Symptom Complexes
Section C. Oral Infections and Upper and Middle Respiratory Tract Infections
25. Infections of the Oral Cavity
26. The Common Cold
27. Pharyngitis
28. Infections Related to the Upper and Middle Airways
29. Otitis Media
30. Otitis Externa and Necrotizing Otitis Externa
31. Mastoiditis
32. Sinusitis
Section D. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
33. Bronchiolitis
34. Acute Pneumonia and Its Complications
35. Persistent and Recurrent Pneumonia
36. Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host
Section E. Cardiac and Vascular Infections
37. Endocarditis and Other Intravascular Infections
38. Myocarditis
39. Pericarditis
Section F. Central Nervous System Infections
40. Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal Period
41. Chronic Meningitis
42. Recurrent Meningitis
43. Aseptic and Viral Meningitis
44. Encephalitis
45. Parainfectious and Postinfectious Neurologic Syndromes
46. Focal Suppurative Infections of the Nervous System
47. Eosinophilic Meningitis
Section G. Genitourinary Tract Infections
48. Urinary Tract Infections, Renal Abscess, and Other Complex Renal Functions
49. Sexually Transmitted Infection Syndromes
50. Genitourinary Skin and Mucous Membrane Infections and Inguinal Lymphadenopathy
51. Urethritis, Vulvovaginitis, and Cervicitis
52. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
53. Epididymitis, Orchitis, and Prostatitis
54. Infectious Diseases Associated With Child Abuse
Section H. Gastrointestinal and Tract Infections and Intoxications
55. Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
56. Viral Gastroenteritis
57. Inflammatory Enterocolitis
58. Enteric Diseases Transmitted Through Food, Water, and Zoonotic Exposures
Section I. Intra-abdominal Infections
59. Acute Hepatitis
60. Chronic Hepatitis
61. Granulomatous Hepatitis
62. Acute Pancreatitis
63. Cholecystitis and Cholangitis
64. Peritonitis
65. Appendicitis
66. Intra-abdominal, Visceral, and Retroperitoneal Abscesses
Section J. Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
67. Superficial Bacterial Skin Infections and Cellulitis
68. Erythematous Macules and Papules
69. Vesicles and Bullae
70. Purpura
71. Urticaria and Erythema Multiforme
72. Papules, Nodules, and Ulcers
73. Subcutaneous Tissue Infections and Abscesses
74. Myositis, Pyomyositis, and Necrotizing Fascitis
Section K. Bone and Joint Infections
75. Osteomyelitis
76. Infectious and Inflammatory Arthritis
77. Diskitis
78. Transient Synovitis
Section L. Eye Infections
79. Conjunctivitis in the Neonatal Period (Ophthalmia neonatorum)
80. Conjunctivitis Beyond the Neonatal Period
81. Infective Keratitis
82. Infective Uveitis, Retinitis, and Chorioretinitis
83. Endophthalmitis
84. Preseptal and Orbital Infections
Section M. Infections Related to Trauma, Animals, and Ticks
85. Infection Related To Trauma
86. Infections Related to Burns
87. Infection Related To Bites
88. Infections Related to Pets and Exotic Animals
89. Tickborne Infections
Section N. Infections of the Fetus and Newborn
90. Clinical Approach to the Neonate With Suspected Infection
91. Chorioamnionitis and Neonatal Consequences
92. Bacterial Infections in the Neonate
93. Viral Infections in the Fetus and Neonate
94. Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Neonate
Section O. Infections and Transplantation
95. Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
96. Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Section P. Infections and Cancer
97. Risk Factors and Infectious Agents in Children With Cancer: Fever and Granulocytopenia
98. Clinical Syndromes of Infection in Children With Cancer
Section Q. Infections Associated With Hospitalization and Medical Devices
99. Healthcare-Associated Infections
100. Clinical Syndromes of Device-Associated Infections
Section R. Infections in Patients With Deficient Defenses
101. Evaluation of the Child With Suspected Immunodeficiency
102. Infectious Complications of Antibody Deficiency
103. Infectious Complications of Complement Deficiency and Diseases of Its Dysregulation
104. Infectious Complications of Dysfunction or Deficiency of Polymorphonuclear and Mononuclear Phagocytes
105. Infectious Complications of Cell-Mediated Immunity Other Than AIDS: Primary Immunodeficiencies
106. Infectious Complications in Special Hosts
107. Infections Related to Biologic Response Modifying Drug Therapy
108. Infectious Complications of Corticosteroid Therapy
Section S. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
109. Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV Infection in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
110. Immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection
111. Diagnosis and Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
112. Infectious Complications of HIV Infection
113. Management of HIV Infection

PART III: Etiologic Agents of Infectious Diseases
Section A. Bacteria
114. Classification of Bacteria
Gram-Positive Cocci
115. Staphylococcus aureus
116. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Micrococcaceae
117. Classification of Streptococci
118. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus)
119. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
120. Enterococcus Species
121. Viridans Streptococci, Abiotrophia and Granulicatella Species, and Streptococcus bovis Group
122. Groups C and G Streptococci
123. Streptococcus pneumoniae
124. Other Gram-Positive, Catalase-Negative Cocci: Leuconostoc and Pediococcus Species and Other Genera
Gram-Negative Cocci
125. Neisseria meningitidis
126. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
127. Other Neisseria Species
Gram-Positive Bacilli
128. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
129. Bacillus Species (Including Anthrax)
130. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
131. Other Corynebacteria
132. Listeria monocytogenes
133. Other Gram-Positive Bacilli
134. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
135. Mycobacterium Nontuberculosis Species
136. Nocardia Species
Enterobacteriaceae: Gram-Negative Bacilli
137. Escherichia coli
138. Klebsiella and Raoultella Species
139. Klebsiella granulomatis: Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)
140. Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Pantoea Species
141. Citrobacter Species
142. Less Commonly Encountered Enterobacterales
143. Plesiomonas shigelloides
144. Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella Species
145. Serratia Species
146. Salmonella Species
147. Shigella Species
148. Yersinia Species
Nonenterobacteriaceae: Gram-Negative Bacilli
149. Acinetobacter Species
150. Aeromonas Species
151. Less Commonly Encountered Nonenteric Gram-Negative Bacilli
152. Eikenella, Pasteurella, and Chromobacterium Species
153. Moraxella Species
154. Pseudomonas Species and Related Organisms
155. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
156. Burkholderia cepacia Complex and Other Burkholderia Species
157. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
158. Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)
159. Other Vibrio Species
Gram-Negative Coccobacilli
160. Bartonella Species (Cat-Scratch Disease)
161. Brucella Species (Brucellosis)
162. Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis) and Other Bordetella Species
163. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
164. Other Campylobacter Species
165. Capnocytophaga Species
166. Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae
167. Chlamydia trachomatis
168. Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) psittaci (Psittacosis)
169. Coxiella burnetii (Q Fever)
170. Family Anaplasmataceae (Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, Neorickettsiosis, and Neoehrlichiosis)
171. Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
172. Haemophilus influenzae
173. Other Haemophilus Species and Aggregatibacter Species
174. Helicobacter pylori
175. Other Gastric and Enterohepatic Helicobacter Species
176. Kingella Species
177. Legionella Species
178. Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
179. Other Rickettsia Species
180. Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever)
181. Other Gram-Negative Coccobacilli
Treponemataceae (Spiral Organisms)
182. Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
183. Other Treponema Species
184. Leptospira Species (Leptospirosis)
185. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
186. Other Borrelia Species and Spirillum minus
Anaerobic Bacteria
187. Anaerobic Bacteria: Clinical Concepts and the Microbiome in Health and Disease
188. Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
189. Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
190. Clostridioides difficile
191. Other Clostridium Species
192. Bacteroides and Prevotella Species and Other Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli
193. Fusobacterium Species
194. Anaerobic Cocci
195. Anaerobic Gram-Positive Nonsporulating Bacilli (Including Actinomycosis)
Mycoplasma
196. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
197. Other Mycoplasma Species
198. Ureaplasma urealyticum
Diseases of Possible Infectious or Unknown Etiology
199. Kawasaki Disease
200. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
Section B. Viruses
201. Classification of Human Viruses
DNA Viruses: Poxviridae
202. Poxviridae
DNA Viruses: Herpesviridae
203. Introduction to Herpesviridae
204. Herpes Simplex Virus
205. Varicella-Zoster Virus
206. Cytomegalovirus
207. Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (Roseola, Exanthem Subitum)
208. Epstein-Barr Virus (Mononucleosis and Lymphoproliferative Disorders)
209. Human Herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus)
DNA Viruses: Adenoviridae
210. Adenoviruses
DNA Viruses: Papovaviridae
211. Human Papillomavirus
212. BK, JC, and Other Human Polyomaviruses
DNA Viruses: Hepadnaviridae
213. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Viruses
DNA Viruses: Parvoviridae
214. Human Parvoviruses (Parvovirus B19 and Bocavirus)
RNA Viruses: Reoviridae
215. Coltivirus (Colorado Tick Fever)
216. Rotaviruses
RNA Viruses: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae
217. Togaviridae: Alphaviruses
218. Flaviviruses
219. Bunyaviruses
220. Hepatitis C Virus
221. Rubella Virus
RNA Viruses: Coronaviridae
222. Human Coronaviruses
RNA Viruses: Paramyxoviridae
223. Parainfluenza Viruses
224. Mumps Virus
225. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
226. Human Metapneumovirus
227. Rubeola Virus: Measles and Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
RNA Viruses: Rhabdoviridae
228. Rabies Virus
RNA Viruses: Orthomyxoviridae
229. Influenza Viruses
RNA Viruses: Arenaviridae and Filoviridae
230. Filoviruses and Arenaviruses
RNA Viruses: Retroviridae
231. Introduction to Retroviridae
232. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses
233. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
RNA Viruses: Picornaviridae
234. Introduction to Picornaviridae
235. Polioviruses
236. Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses
237. Hepatitis A Virus
238. Rhinoviruses
RNA Viruses: Caliciviridae
239. Caliciviruses
240. Astroviruses
241. Hepatitis E Virus
Section C. Fungi
242. Classification of Fungi
243. Candida Species
244. Aspergillus Species
245. Agents of Hyalohyphomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis
246. Agents of Mucormycosis
247. Malassezia Species
248. Sporothrix schenckii Complex (Sporotrichosis)
249. Cryptococcus Species
250. Histoplasma capsulatum (Histoplasmosis)
251. Pneumocystis jirovecii
252. Blastomyces Species (Blastomycosis)
253. Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii (Coccidioidomycosis)
254. Superficial Fungal Infections
255. Agents of Eumycotic Mycetoma: Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium apiospermum
Section D. Human Parasites and Vectors
256. Classification of Parasites
257. Ectoparasites (Lice and Scabies)
Protozoa
258. Babesia Species (Babesiosis)
259. Balantioides coli (Formerly Balantidium coli)
260. Blastocystis Species
261. Cryptosporidium Species
262. Endolimax nana
263. Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)
264. Other Entamoeba, Amebae, and Intestinal Flagellates
265. Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis)
266. Cystoisospora (Isospora) and Cyclospora Species
267. Leishmania Species (Leishmaniasis)
268. Microsporidia
269. Naegleria fowleri
270. Acanthamoeba Species
271. Plasmodium Species (Malaria)
272. Sarcocystis Species
273. Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)
274. Trichomonas vaginalis
275. Trypanosoma Species (Trypanosomiasis)
Nematodes
276. Intestinal Nematodes
277. Tissue Nematodes
278. Blood and Tissue Nematodes: Filarial Worms
Cestodes
279. Diphyllobothriidae, Dipylidium and Hymenolepis Species
280. Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica, and Taenia saginata: Taeniasis and Cysticercosis
281. Echinococcus Species: Agents of Echinococcosis
282. Taenia (Multiceps) multiceps and Taenia serialis: Coenurosis
Trematodes
283. Intestinal Trematodes
284. Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola, and Paragonimus Species
285. Blood Trematodes: Schistosomiasis

PART IV: Laboratory Diagnosis and Therapy for Infectious Diseases
Section A. The Clinician and the Laboratory
286. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection Due to Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, and Rickettsiae
287. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection Due to Viruses, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma
288. Use of Common Clinical Laboratory Tests to Assess Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases
Section B. Anti-Infective Therapy
289. Principles of Anti-Infective Therapy
290. Mechanisms and Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance
291. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Basis of Optimal Antimicrobial Therapy
292. Antibacterial Agents
293. Antifungal Agents
294. Topical Antimicrobial Agents
295. Antiviral Agents
296. Antiparasitic Agents