Vital Pulp Therapy in Traumatic Crown Fractures: A Modern Clinical Guide

Traumatic crown fractures with pulpal involvement represent a critical clinical scenario, particularly in young patients with immature permanent dentition. Preserving pulp vitality in these cases is not only essential for continued root development but also vital for long-term tooth survival and structural integrity. This review critically evaluates the role of vital pulp therapy (VPT) as a biologically sound and minimally invasive treatment modality in the management of complicated crown fractures. Emphasis is placed on techniques such as direct pulp capping, partial pulpotomy (Cvek pulpotomy), and full pulpotomy, with a focused discussion on their clinical indications, success rates, and outcome predictability.

The manuscript integrates current evidence on advanced bioactive materials including mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and newer regenerative agents that enhance pulpal healing and dentinogenesis. Special attention is given to recent trends in pulp biology, the impact of timely intervention, and diagnostic considerations influencing therapeutic success. Through a synthesis of contemporary literature and clinical data, the review supports the growing consensus that VPT offers a superior, cost-effective alternative to conventional root canal therapy in select trauma cases.