Understanding Psychology

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Psychology

MODULE 1 Psychologists at Work

MODULE 2 A Science Evolves:: The Past, the Present, and the Future

MODULE 3 Psychology’s Key Issues and Controversies

CHAPTER 2 Psychological Research

MODULE 4 The Scientific Method

MODULE 5 Conducting Psychological Research

MODULE 6 Critical Research Issues

CHAPTER 3 Neuroscience and Behavior

MODULE 7 Neurons:: The Basic Elements of Behavior

MODULE 8 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System:: Communicating Within the Body

MODULE 9 The Brain

CHAPTER 4 Sensation and Perception

MODULE 10 Sensing the World Around Us

MODULE 11 Vision:: Shedding Light on the Eye

MODULE 12 Hearing and the Other Senses

MODULE 13 Perceptual Organization:: Constructing Our View of the World

CHAPTER 5 States of Consciousness

MODULE 14 Sleep and Dreams

MODULE 15 Hypnosis and Meditation

MODULE 16 Drug Use:: The Highs and Lows of Consciousness

CHAPTER 6 Learning

MODULE 17 Classical Conditioning

MODULE 18 Operant Conditioning

MODULE 19 Cognitive Approaches to Learning

CHAPTER 7 Memory

MODULE 20 The Foundations of Memory

MODULE 21 Recalling Long-Term Memories

MODULE 22 Forgetting:: When Memory Fails

CHAPTER 8 Cognition and Language

MODULE 23 Thinking and Reasoning

MODULE 24 Problem Solving

MODULE 25 Language

CHAPTER 9 Intelligence

MODULE 26 What Is Intelligence?

MODULE 27 Variations in Intellectual Ability

MODULE 28 Group Differences in Intelligence:: Genetic and Environmental Determinants

CHAPTER 10 Motivation and Emotion

MODULE 29 Explaining Motivation

MODULE 30 Human Needs and Motivation:: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring

MODULE 31 Understanding Emotional Experiences

CHAPTER 11 Sexuality and Gender

MODULE 32 Gender and Sex

MODULE 33 Understanding Human Sexual Response:: The Facts of Life

MODULE 34 The Diversity of Sexual Behavior

CHAPTER 12 Development

MODULE 35 Nature and Nurture:: The Enduring Developmental Issue/

MODULE 36 Prenatal Development:: Conception to Birth

MODULE 37 Infancy and Childhood

MODULE 38 Adolescence:: Becoming an Adult

MODULE 39 Adulthood

CHAPTER 13 Personality

MODULE 40 Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality

MODULE 41 Trait, Learning, Biological, Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality

MODULE 42 Assessing Personality:: Determining What Makes Us Distinctive

CHAPTER 14 Health Psychology:: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

MODULE 43 Stress and Coping

MODULE 44 Psychological Aspects of Illness and Well-Being

MODULE 45 Promoting Health and Wellness

CHAPTER 15 Psychological Disorders

MODULE 46 Normal Versus Abnormal:: Making the Distinction

MODULE 47 The Major Psychological Disorders

MODULE 48 Psychological Disorders in Perspective

CHAPTER 16 Treatment of Psychological Disorders

MODULE 49Psychotherapy:: Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Cognitive Approaches to Treatment

MODULE 50 Psychotherapy:: Humanistic, Interpersonal, and Group Approaches to Treatment

MODULE 51iomedical Therapy:: Biological Approaches to Treatment

CHAPTER 17 Social Psychology

MODULE 52 Attitudes and Social Cognition

MODULE 53 Social Influence

MODULE 54 Prejudice and Discrimination

MODULE 55 Positive and Negative Social Behavior

APPENDIX Going by the Numbers:: Statistics in Psychology A-1

MODULE 56 Descriptive Statistics A-3

MODULE 57 Measures of Variability A-7

MODULE 58 Using Statistics to Answer Questions:: Inferential Statistics and Correlation A-11

Glossary G-1

References R-1

Credits C-1

Name Index I-1

Subject Index I-15