Medical Biotechnology is in the phase of rapid transformation with the dynamic development of new technologies. With new vaccines, personalized medicines, artificial tissue growth, AI-aided diagnostic and analytical tools, Medical Biotechnology is now at the forefront of technological advancements. This book is a collection of articles covering a wide spectrum of this multi-dimensional research domain. The articles are divided into 3 major thrust areas. The first section highlights the genetic crosstalk in complex disorders like Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease as well as some treatment options using novel therapeutic strategies. The second section dwells on the application of a variety of nutraceutials and phytochemicals in healthcare. The third section focuses on tackling of environmental issues and waste management. This volume brings together a variety of scientific approaches on cutting edge research areas in Medical Biotechnology leading to sustainable development.