This book looks at how to combine Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Image Processing (IP) methods for use in medicine. It talks about important ideas in computer science, machine learning, and soft computing, and discusses new clinical and technological developments in infectious illnesses. The book talks a lot about the dangers of infectious illnesses, how they spread and how symptoms change. It also discusses the ways in which machine learning may help with image-based diagnostics, including finding COVID-19 and monkeypox. This book approaches ways to use image processing to automatically diagnose cardiac problems, including methods for looking at moving tissues. This book is for graduate and postgraduate students, but it is also useful for teaching and learning about machine vision and image processing. It is also useful for specialists who want to learn more about optimization and learning-based approaches.