Pharmaceutical Calculations

Introduction .............................................. xv Scope of Pharmaceutical Calculations ............................. xv 1 Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Calculations .................... 1 2 International System of Units ................................... 25 3 Pharmaceutical Measurement ................................ 39 4 Interpretation of Prescriptions and Medication Orders .................. 51 5 Density, Specific Gravity, and Specific Volume ................. 67 6 Percentage, Ratio Strength, and Other Expressions of Concentration ..........79 7 Calculation of Doses:: General Considerations ........................99 8 Calculation of Doses:: Patient Parameters .............................115 9 Some Calculations Involving Units, g/mg, and Other Measures of 10 Selected Clinical Calculations .......................................... 143 11 Isotonic and Buffer Solutions ..........................................157 12 Electrolyte Solutions:: Milliequivalents, Millimoles, and Milliosmoles ......... 177 13 Intravenous Infusions, Parenteral Admixtures, and 14 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, Body Mass Index, and the 15 Dilution, Concentration, and Alligation ............................... 235 16 Reducing and Enlarging Formulas .................................... 263 17 Selected Calculations in Contemporary Compounding ................. 271 18 Selected Calculations Involving Veterinary Pharmaceuticals ................ 291 19 Selected Calculations Associated with Plant Extractives ................ 297 20 Calculation of Active Drug Moiety ............................. 303 21 Selected Calculations Involving Radiopharmaceuticals .................. 311 22 Selected Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Calculations ................ 321 23 Selected Pharmacoeconomic Calculations .......................... 333 Appendix A Common Systems of Measurement and Intersystem Appendix B Graphical Methods ............................ 361 Appendix C Basic Statistical Concepts ........................... 371 Appendix D Glossary of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems ............................ 383 Review Problems ........................................... 389 Answers to Review Problems ........................................ 407 Index .................................................. 415 Atomic Weights ................................................ Inside Back Cover