Clinically Oriented Anatomy

Contents
Preface /
Acknowledgments /
List of Clinical Blue Boxes /
Figure Credits /
1 Overview and Basic Concepts /
APPROACHES TO STUDYING ANATOMY /
Regional Anatomy /
Systemic Anatomy /
Clinical Anatomy /
ANATOMICOMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY /
Anatomical Position /
Anatomical Planes /
Terms of Relationship and Comparison /
Terms of Laterality /
Terms of Movement /
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS /
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM /
FASCIAS, FASCIAL COMPARTMENTS, BURSAE, AND POTENTIAL SPACES /
SKELETAL SYSTEM /
Cartilage and Bones /
Classification of Bones /
Bone Markings and Formations
Bone Development /
Vasculature and Innervation of Bones /
Joints /
MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM /
Types of Muscle (Muscle Tissue) /
Skeletal Muscles /
Cardiac Striated Muscle /
Smooth Muscle /
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM /
Vascular Circuits /
Blood Vessels /
LYMPHOID SYSTEM /
NERVOUS SYSTEM /
Central Nervous System /
Peripheral Nervous System /
Somatic Nervous System /
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) /
MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES /
Conventional Radiography /
Computed Tomography /
Ultrasonography /
Magnetic Resonance Imaging /
Nuclear Medicine Imaging /

2 Back /
OVERVIEW OF BACK AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN /
VERTEBRAE /
Structure and Function of Vertebrae /
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae /
Ossification of Vertebrae /
Variations in Vertebrae /
VERTEBRAL COLUMN /
Joints of Vertebral Column /
Movements of Vertebral Column /
Curvatures of Vertebral Column /
Vasculature of Vertebral Column /
Nerves of Vertebral Column /
MUSCLES OF BACK /
Extrinsic Back Muscles /
Intrinsic Back Muscles /
Surface Anatomy of Back Muscles /
Suboccipital and Deep Neck Muscles /
CONTENTS OF VERTEBRAL CANAL /
Spinal Cord /
Spinal Nerves and Nerve Roots /
Spinal Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) /
Vasculature of Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerve Roots /

3 Upper Limb /
OVERVIEW OF UPPER LIMB /
COMPARISON OF UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS /
BONES OF UPPER LIMB /
Clavicle /
Scapula /
Humerus /
Bones of Forearm /
Bones of Hand /
Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb Bones /
FASCIA, EFFERENT VESSELS, CUTANEOUS INNERVATION, AND MYOTOMES OF UPPER LIMB /
Fascia of Upper Limb /
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb /
Lymphatic Drainage of Upper Limb /
Cutaneous Innervation of Upper Limb /
Motor Innervation (Myotomes) of Upper Limb /
ECTORAL AND SCAPULAR REGIONS /
Anterior Axio-appendicular Muscles /
Posterior Axio-Appendicular and Scapulohumeral Muscles /
Surface Anatomy of Pectoral, Scapular, and Deltoid Regions /
Axillary Artery /
Axillary Vein /
Axillary Lymph Nodes /
Brachial Plexus /
ARM /
Muscles of Arm /
Brachial Artery /
Veins of Arm /
Nerves of Arm /
Cubital Fossa /
Surface Anatomy of Arm and Cubital Fossa /
FOREARM /
Compartments of Forearm /
Muscles of Forearm /
Arteries of Forearm /
Veins of Forearm /
Nerves of Forearm /
Surface Anatomy of Forearm /
HAND /
Fascia and Compartments of Palm /
Muscles of Hand /
Long Flexor Tendons and Tendon Sheaths in Hand /
Arteries of Hand /
Veins of Hand /
Nerves of Hand /
Surface Anatomy of Hand /
JOINTS OF UPPER LIMB /
Sternoclavicular Joint /
Acromioclavicular Joint /
Glenohumeral Joint /
Elbow Joint /
Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint /
Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint /
Wrist Joint /
Intercarpal Joints /
Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints /
Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints /

4 Thorax /
OVERVIEW OF THORAX /
THORACIC WALL /
Skeleton of Thoracic Wall /
Thoracic Apertures /
Joints of Thoracic Wall /
Movements of Thoracic Wall /
Muscles of Thoracic Wall /
Fascia of Thoracic Wall /
Nerves of Thoracic Wall /
Vasculature of Thoracic Wall /
Breasts /
Surface Anatomy of Thoracic Wall /
VISCERA OF THORACIC CAVITY /
Pleurae, Lungs, and Tracheobronchial Tree /
Overview of Mediastinum /
Pericardium /
Heart /
Superior Mediastinum and Great Vessels /
Posterior Mediastinum /
Anterior Mediastinum /
Surface Anatomy of Heart and Mediastinal Viscera /
Auscultatory Areas /

5 Abdomen /
OVERVIEW: WALLS, CAVITIES, REGIONS, AND PLANES /
ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL /
Fascia of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall /
Muscles of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall /
Neurovasculature of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall /
Internal Surface of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall /
Inguinal Region /
Spermatic Cord, Scrotum, and Testes /
Surface Anatomy of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall /
PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY /
Embryology of Peritoneal Cavity /
Peritoneal Formations /
Subdivisions of Peritoneal Cavity /
ABDOMINAL VISCERA /
Overview of Abdominal Viscera and Digestive Tract /
Esophagus /
Stomach /
Small Intestine /
Large Intestine /
Spleen /
Pancreas /
Liver /
Biliary Ducts and Gallbladder /
Kidneys, Ureters, and Suprarenal Glands /
Summary of Innervation of Abdominal Viscera /
DIAPHRAGM /
Vessels and Nerves of Diaphragm /
Diaphragmatic Apertures /
Actions of Diaphragm /
POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL /
Fascia of Posterior Abdominal Wall /
Muscles of Posterior Abdominal Wall /
Nerves of Posterior Abdominal Wall /
Vessels of Posterior Abdominal Wall /
SECTIONAL MEDICAL IMAGING OF ABDOMEN /

6 Pelvis and Perineum
INTRODUCTION TO PELVIS AND PERINEUM /
PELVIC GIRDLE /
Bones and Features of Pelvic Girdle /
Orientation of Pelvic Girdle /
Pelvic Girdle Sexual Differences /
Joints and Ligaments of Pelvic Girdle /
PELVIC CAVITY /
Walls and Floor of Pelvic Cavity /
Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity of Pelvis /
Pelvic Fascia /
NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES OF PELVIS /
Pelvic Arteries /
Pelvic Veins /
Lymph Nodes of Pelvis /
Pelvic Nerves /
PELVIC VISCERA /
Urinary Organs /
Rectum /
Male Internal Genital Organs /
Female Internal Genital Organs /
Lymphatic Drainage of Pelvic Viscera /
PERINEUM /
Fasciae and Pouches of Urogenital Triangle /
Features of Anal Triangle /
Male Urogenital Triangle /
Female Urogenital Triangle /
SECTIONAL MEDICAL IMAGING OF PELVIS AND PERINEUM /
Magnetic Resonance Imaging /

7 Lower Limb /
OVERVIEW OF LOWER LIMB /
DEVELOPMENT OF LOWER LIMB /
BONES OF LOWER LIMB /
Arrangement of Lower Limb Bones /
Hip Bone /
Illium /
Femur /
Patella /
Tibia and Fibula /
Bones of Foot /
Surface Anatomy of Bones of Foot
FASCIA, VEINS, LYMPHATICS, EFFERENT VESSELS, AND CUTANEOUS NERVES OF LOWER LIMB /
Subcutaneous Tissue and Fascia /
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb /
Lymphatic Drainage of Lower Limb /
Cutaneous Innervation of Lower Limb /
Motor Innervation of Lower Limb /
POSTURE AND GAIT /
Standing at Ease /
Walking: The Gait Cycle /
ANTERIOR AND MEDIAL REGIONS OF THIGH /
Organization of Proximal Lower Limb /
Anterior Thigh Muscles /
Medial Thigh Muscles /
Neurovascular Structures and Relationships in Anteromedial Thigh /
Surface Anatomy of Anterior and Medial Regions of Thigh /
GLUTEAL AND POSTERIOR THIGH REGIONS /
Gluteal Region: Buttocks and Hip Region /
Muscles of Gluteal Region /
Posterior Thigh Region /
Neurovascular Structures of Gluteal and Posterior Thigh Regions /
Surface Anatomy of Gluteal and Posterior Thigh Regions /
POPLITEAL FOSSA AND LEG /
Popliteal Region /
Anterior Compartment of Leg /
Lateral Compartment of Leg /
Posterior Compartment of Leg /
Surface Anatomy of Leg /
FOOT /
Skin and Fascia of Foot /
Muscles of Foot /
Neurovascular Structures and Relationships in Foot /
Surface Anatomy of Ankle and Foot Regions /
JOINTS OF LOWER LIMB /
Hip Joint /
Knee Joint /
Tibiofibular Joints /
Ankle Joint /
Foot Joints /
Surface Anatomy of Joints of Knee, Ankle, and Foot /

8 Head /
OVERVIEW OF HEAD /
CRANIUM /
Facial Aspect of Cranium /
Lateral Aspect of Cranium /
Occipital Aspect of Cranium /
Superior Aspect of Cranium /
External Surface of Cranial Base /
Internal Surface of Cranial Base /
Walls of Cranial Cavity /
Regions of Head /
FACE AND SCALP /
Face /
Scalp /
Muscles of Face and Scalp /
Nerves of Face and Scalp /
Superficial Vasculature of Face and Scalp /
Surface Anatomy of Face /
CRANIAL MENINGES /
Dura Mater /
Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater /
Meningeal Spaces /
BRAIN /
Parts of Brain /
Ventricular System of Brain /
Arterial Blood Supply to Brain /
Venous Drainage of Brain /
EYE, ORBIT, ORBITAL REGION, AND EYEBALL /
Orbits /
Eyelids and Lacrimal Apparatus /
Eyeball /
Extra-ocular Muscles of Orbit /
Nerves of Orbit /
Vasculature of Orbit /
Surface Anatomy of Eye and Lacrimal Apparatus /
PAROTID AND TEMPORAL REGIONS, INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA, AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT /
Parotid Region /
Temporal Region /
Infratemporal Fossa /
ORAL REGION /
Oral Cavity /
Lips, Cheeks, and Gingivae /
Teeth /
Palate /
Tongue /
Salivary Glands /
PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA /
Pterygopalatine Part of Maxillary Artery /
Maxillary Nerve /
NOSE /
External Nose /
Nasal Cavities /
Vasculature and Innervation of Nose /
Paranasal Sinuses /
EAR /
External Ear /
Middle Ear /
Internal Ear /

9 Neck
OVERVIEW /
BONES OF NECK /
Cervical Vertebrae /
Hyoid Bone /
FASCIA OF NECK /
Cervical Subcutaneous Tissue and Platysma /
Deep Cervical Fascia /
SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF NECK: CERVICAL REGIONS /
Sternocleidomastoid Region /
Posterior Cervical Region /
Lateral Cervical Region /
Anterior Cervical Region /
Surface Anatomy of Cervical Regions and Triangles of Neck /
DEEP STRUCTURES OF NECK /
Prevertebral Muscles /
Root of Neck /
VISCERA OF NECK /
Endocrine Layer of Cervical Viscera /
Respiratory Layer of Cervical Viscera /
Alimentary Layer of Cervical Viscera /
Surface Anatomy of Endocrine and Respiratory Layers of Cervical Viscera /
LYMPHATICS OF NECK /

10 Cranial Nerves /
OVERVIEW /
OLFACTORY NERVE (CN I) /
OPTIC NERVE (CN II) /
OCULOMOTOR NERVE (CN III) /
TROCHLEAR NERVE (CN IV) /
TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN V) /
Ophthalmic Nerve (CN V1) /
Maxillary Nerve (CN V2) /
Mandibular Nerve (CN V3) /
ABDUCENT NERVE (CN VI) /
FACIAL NERVE (CN VII) /
Somatic (Branchial) Motor /
Visceral (Parasympathetic) Motor /
Somatic (General) Sensory /
Special Sensory (Taste) /
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE (CN VIII) /
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN IX) /
Somatic (Branchial) Motor /
Visceral (Parasympathetic) Motor /
Somatic (General) Sensory /
Special Sensory (Taste) /
Visceral Sensory /
VAGUS NERVE (CN X) /
SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE (CN XI) /
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII) /
Appendix /
Index /